Home advantage in speed skating: Evidence from individual data

Home advantage is a well-documented phenomenon in many sports. Home advantage has been shown to exist for team sports (soccer, hockey, football, baseball, basketball) and for countries organizing sports tournaments like the Olympics and World Cup Soccer. There is also some evidence for home advantage in some individual sports, but there is a much more limited literature. This paper addresses the issue of home advantage in speed skating. From a methodological point of view, it is difficult to identify home advantage, because skaters vary in their abilities and the conditions of tournaments vary. There is a small but significant home advantage using a generalized linear mixed model, with random effects for skaters and fixed effects for skating rinks and seasons. Even though the home advantage effect exists, it is very small when compared to variation in skating times due to differences of rinks and individual abilities.     

The effect of towing a range of relative resistances on sprint performance

The aim of this study was to compare sprint performance over 10 and 20?m when participants ran while towing resistances, weighing between 0 and 30% of body mass. The sample of 33 participants consisted of male rugby and soccer players (age 21.1?±?1.8 years, body mass 83.6?±?13.1?kg, height 1.82?±?0.1?m; mean?±?s). Each participant performed two sets of seven sprints over 20?m using a Latin rectangular design. The times were recorded at 10 and 20?m using electronic speed gates. The sprints of 13 players were video-recorded to allow calculation of stride length and frequency. For both sprints, a quadratic relationship was observed between sprint time and resistance as sprint time increased from 2.94?s to 3.80?s from 0 to 30% resistance. This relationship was statistically significant but considered not to be meaningful for performance because, over the range of resistances used in this study, the quadratic model was never more than 1% (in terms of sprint time) from the linear model. As resistance increased, the stride length shortened, with mean values of 1.63?±?0.13?m at 0% body mass and 1.33?±?0.13?m at 30% of body mass. There was no significant change in stride frequency with increasing resistance. The results show that in general there is an increase in sprint time with an increase in resistance. No particular resistance in the range tested (0?–?30%) can be recommended for practice.     

短跑400m项目的速度与速度耐力因素分析

400m跑是典型的速度耐力性运动项目。通过文献资料方法,对世界记录保持者迈克尔.约翰逊及第7届世界田径锦标赛400m跑前二名运动员和我国男子优秀400m运动员的分析研究,说明速度与速度耐力因素对400m跑成绩的影响。     

2013年速滑短距离世锦赛分析与备战索契冬奥会的对策

通过对2013年美国盐湖城速度滑冰短距离世锦赛成绩的统计分析,对比国内外选手的优势与不足,探寻我国短距离速滑运动员存在的主要差距、努力方向和训练重点。针对我国选手存在的问题,提出针对性的解决方案,并对备战索契冬奥会进行了展望,从明确备战目标、制定好训练与参赛计划、精心选择训练策略等方面,探讨了备战索契冬奥会的对策,以期为备战2014年索契冬奥会提供参考意见。     

优秀散打运动员膝/肘关节等速测试与站位攻防技术分析

采用ISOMED2000等速系统检测优秀散打运动员膝、肘关节肌群的生物力学特征,分析优秀散打运动员站位攻防动作技术.在进攻训练中伸膝关节速度达到300°/s,能充分发挥运动员小腿伸肌群的爆发能力;采用300°/s的速度可以快速屈小腿,有利于运动员快速回防,为再次打击对方在时间上创造了条件;在站位时,膝关节角度保持157.3°～160.1°,小腿屈肌群离心爆发能力强,有利于运动员调整自身的身体姿势,避开对方的快速进攻.在进攻训练中应使肘关节速度达到300°/s,能充分发挥运动员前臂伸肌群的爆发能力.肘关节角度在81°～86°的范围,有利于运动员快速出拳,打击对方.以240°/s的速度屈肘,能充分发挥运动员前臂屈肌群的爆发能力,有利于运动员快速回防.在防守训练中,肘关节角度在78°～85°的范围内,对运动员快速回防,抵御时方快速、重拳的进攻是有利的;肘关节角度在128°～137°的范围内,可远距离隔挡对方,阻击对方的快速进攻.     

从英语专业论文写作看批判性思维的培养

批判性思维作为创新能力的核心部分,长期以来在教学中被忽视。批判性思维的缺乏又集中体现在英语专业学生在论文(包括毕业论文)写作中存在大量的问题和困难。根据国外的相关研究以及本文作者的教学实践,文章认为可以利用论文(包括毕业论文)写作指导的教学过程对学生进行批判性思维能力的培养。只要采用恰当的教学方法和模式,将有利于学生批判性思维的形成,提高论文(包括毕业论文)写作能力和毕业论文质量。     

Research on the operating characteristics of parallel 4-DOF electric platform with 4TPS-PS structure

The 4TPS-PS parallel platform designed for a stabilization and automatic tracking system is a novel lower-mobility parallel mechanism. In the first part of this paper, the structure of the platform is described and the kinematics model is built. The workspace of the platform is defined as the full reachable rotation workspace when the Z coordinate dimension of the upper plate varies continuously. A fast searching method of the full reachable workspace is presented, after which the inverse kinematics of the platform is deduced. The forward and inverse solutions of the speed and force of the platform are deduced. According to the characteristic of the 4TPS-PS platform’s structure, a fast searching algorithm of the maximum generalized speed and maximum generalized force output by the upper plate is put forward based on the forward and inverse solutions of the platform’s speed and force. The 4TPS-PS platform prototype built by the State Key Laboratory of Fluid Power Transmission and Control of China is taken as the research subject. The full reachable rotation workspace of the prototype is computed out and analyzed. The curves of maximum generalized speed and maximum generalized force of the prototype are computed out and plotted. Finally, the com- puting and analyzing results of the operating characteristics are confirmed through the experiment.     

The policy problem: the National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS) and implications for access to education

This paper explores the changing terrain of disability support policy in Australia. Drawing on a critical disability framework of policy sociology, the paper considers the policy problem of access to education for people with disabilities under recent reform by means of the National Disability Insurance Scheme (NDIS), which commenced full roll-out across the country from July 2016. The paper reviews NDIS reports, legislation and associated literature to consider how eligibility to scheme participation and education services are shaped, and how education is positioned in the development and implementation of the NDIS. The analysis highlights tensions that exist for people with disabilities and their families who both access the scheme and who might draw on its provision to support their education, because of the way the policy is oriented towards pathological categorisation, standardised outcomes and service delineation rather than integrated support and informed involvement. The paper concludes by arguing that despite the policy priority across Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development countries of increasing lifelong learning opportunities, fragmented NDIS policy in Australia prevents people with disabilities from achieving this ideal.     

Anti-racist moral education: A review of approaches,impact and theoretical underpinnings from 2000 to 2015

Racism is a moral issue and of concern for moral educators, with recent social movements such as #BlackLivesMatter highlighting how far we are from obliterating racial oppression and the unearned privilege whiteness confers. To contribute to a more formalised approach to anti-racist moral education, this article systematically reviews 15 years of peer-reviewed scholarship concerned with anti-racist education, to establish the definitions and aims of anti-racist education drawn on, the theoretical frameworks underpinning these, the methods used in education efforts, and their intended impact. It also considers the geo-political aspects of knowledge production in the field, such as author country location and implementation context of empirical studies. It concludes with implications for moral education in classroom and community contexts and advocates for anti-racist moral education that comprise three interconnected components—making visible systemic oppression (visibilising), recognising personal complicity in oppression through unearned privilege (recognising) and developing strategies to transform structural inequalities (strategising).     

一项关于低年级儿童速度概念发展的研究

研究主动提供控制时间或距离一个变量恒定的问题情景,并考虑皮亚杰提出的儿童对速度具有“超越”的直觉,创设了4个难易程度不同的问题情景,采取访谈形式对59名低年级儿童的速度概念发展状况进行调查研究。结果表明：1．低年级儿童的速度概念具有位置决定倾向,幼儿园大班学生的速度概念表现出严重的位置决定论,一年级学生的速度概念有一定的进步,三年级学生的速度概念有了很大的提高,超过半数的学生从位置决定论中走出;2．低年级儿童距离概念和时间概念的发展存在不平衡性,距离概念处于优势维度。