当前我国农民职业教育需求发展状况及其特征

进入新时期以来，农业的科技化发展趋势、农村的城镇化趋势、农民的社会分化以及农民自身全面发展的要求，都为农民职业教育的发展开辟了广阔的空间。在这一背景下，当前的农民职业教育需求在发展态势、内容结构、供需关系等方面表现出诸多新的特征。对此进行准确的把握，是推进新世纪农民职业教育发展的基本前提。     

跳远助跑最后1O米分段速度的研究

本文根据鲍威尔、刘易斯等优秀跳远运动员助跑最后10米分段速度的变化，指出最后5米助跑速度比第一段5米助跑速度快，它与快速起跳结合的技术，是当今跳远训练的发展方向。     

In defence of white privilege: physical education teachers’ understandings of their work in culturally diverse schools

Research suggests that physical education (PE) in Western countries is not providing equitable experiences for non-white students. Responsibility for shortcomings has often been ascribed to white PE teachers. Scholars have claimed that teachers lack cultural competence and know little about how physical cultures or health are understood by the young people with whom they work. The objective of this investigation was to investigate this claim and generate an understanding of how white PE teachers in a culturally diverse high school make sense of their work with non-white students. Data with three Swedish teachers of varying experience were produced using semi-structured interviewing. A series of school visits provided a complementary line of data. Four themes emerged from the data. These related to: (1) differences between white and non-white values; (2) the knowledge and dispositions necessary for success in PE; (3) the broad purpose of PE, and; (4) the differences between boys’ and girls’ experiences of PE. Data were interpreted using a Critical Race Theory (CRT) perspective, with the notion of ‘whiteness’ providing a specific analytic concept. The general thesis developed in the second part of the paper is that problems result not from insensitivity or incompetence but from discourses of whiteness in which many teachers live and work. By building on critical research both in general education and physical education literature and by utilizing whiteness as an analytical concept, the investigation shows how three PE teachers draw extensively on the racial discourse of whiteness and how this disadvantages non-white students. The paper is concluded with a consideration of how racial disadvantage could be challenged or disrupted.     

Influence of upright versus time trial cycling position on determination of critical power and W′ in trained cyclists

Body position is known to alter power production and affect cycling performance. The aim of this study was to compare mechanical power output in two riding positions, and to calculate the effects on critical power (CP) and W′ estimates. Seven trained cyclists completed three peak power output efforts and three fixed-duration trial (3-, 5- and 12-min) riding with their hands on the brake lever hoods (BLH), or in a time trial position (TTP). A repeated-measures analysis of variance showed that mean power output during the 5-min trial was significantly different between BLH and TTP positions, resulting in a significantly lower estimate of CP, but not W′, for the TTP trial. In addition, TTP decreased the performance during each trial and increased the percentage difference between BLH and TTP with greater trial duration. There were no differences in pedal cadence or heart rate during the 3-min trial; however, TTP results for the 12-min trial showed a significant fall in pedal cadence and a significant rise in heart rate. The findings suggest that cycling position affects power output and influences consequent CP values. Therefore, cyclists and coaches should consider the cycling position used when calculating CP.     

Physiological responses in different intensities of resistance exercise – Critical load and the effects of aging process

Aim was to identify critical load (CL) in young and elderly apparently healthy male cohorts. To contrast the metabolic, cardiovascular and perceptual responses on CL according to age. We evaluated 12 young (23 ± 3 years) and 10 elderly (70 ± 2 years) apparently healthy active males, who underwent: (1) 1 repetition maximum (1RM) test on a 45° Leg Press; (2) on different days, three high-intensity resistance exercise constant load tests (60%, 75% and 90% 1RM) until fatigue (Tlim). Absolute values of both the CL asymptote and curvature constant (kg) were significantly lower in elderly subjects (P < 0.05). In contrast, elderly subjects demonstrated a significantly higher number of repetitions at CL when compared with young subjects (P < 0.05). As expected, oxygen uptake (VO₂) and heart rate (HR) during maximal aerobic exercise testing were significantly reduced in older subjects. However, percent-predicted aerobic capacity were higher in older subjects (P < 0.05). In addition, blood lactate ([La^?]) corrected to Tlim and rating of perceived exertion values were greater in younger subjects at all intensities (P < 0.05). These findings, despite reduced force production in older subjects, endurance-related parameters are well preserved according to age-adjusted percent-predicted values in apparently healthy males.     

对足球移动能力训练的思考

运用文献资料法、逻辑分析法和经验总结法,对足球运动员移动能力训练进行研究.指出,移动能力是足球技能的重要组成部分,与球员的比赛表现密切相关.在对移动方式特征和分类进行分析梳理的基础上,针对长期被忽视的发展感知能力和移动效果反馈两方面,提出足球移动能力训练的内容和重点,以及不同训练阶段的训练要点.认为,发展移动能力要符合力学原理、结合专项技术训练,最终实现训练能力向比赛能力的转化.     

Editorial statement

Grounded in the interdisciplinary educational work of Cultural Studies, this paper examines the pedagogical potentials of narrative and performance for the teaching of writing as a mode of public discourse. Guided to address a wide readership, students engage in critical communication aimed at linking self inquiry and narrative discourse to the contextual analysis of the social. Drawing on research findings derived from the undergraduate teaching of cultural criticism as a genre of public writing at Lingnan University, Hong Kong, we look at how educational drama mediates the work of narrative and performative acts involving the young learner-writers and contributes to the shaping of a dialogic mode of address and communication, thus articulating the process and impact of writing to the public-oriented discourse in Cultural Studies education. In light of such acts in critical discourse and imagination targeted at the potential reader, we show how the young writers' own engagement with critical thinking and communication are opened up by drama-in-education adopted in the class, and argue how, in this sense, both writing and its learning process become effective stages in the making of the kind of cultural criticism we want to help students to learn.     

中外优秀女子铁饼运动员旋转阶段相关运动学参数的比较研究

采用文献资料法、比较研究法、数理统计等方法对中外优秀女子铁饼运动员旋转技术的相关运动学参数进行对照。结果表明,中国优秀选手在身体重心运动变化等多项指标中与国外优秀选手存在一定的差距,揭示中国优秀选手旋转技术的一般性规律与特征。旨在为中国优秀铁饼运动员的科学训练提供定量化参考依据。     

锻炼行为和锻炼动机的跨理论研究

基于跨理论模型,采用对587名知识分子问卷调查数据,对不同锻炼行为阶段的人群的锻炼行为和锻炼动机进行了比较分析,结果表明:①处于坚持阶段的锻炼者每次锻炼时间最长、每周锻炼次数最多,行动阶段的锻炼者参与的体育锻炼项目数量最多;②随着锻炼行为阶段向前发展(前意向→意向→行动→坚持),锻炼频率呈现持续递增的趋势;③处于行动阶段的锻炼者锻炼动机最强;④在前意向→意向→行动的变化阶段,锻炼动机都呈现出增强的趋势,但在行动→坚持的变化阶段变化非常小,且有减弱的趋势,锻炼动机对锻炼行为阶段发展的推动作用主要表现在前3个阶段.     

不同体育锻炼阶段大学女生身体意象的比较研究

身体意象是个体对自己身体的外表、能力、健康等身体特征的评价和态度。身体意象不仅是个体对其外表、能力、健康等自我体征的一种情感体验和态度,而且它还与社会审美价值观等一道共同决定和影响着个体的饮食控制、运动参与、健身塑形和衣着打扮等许多自我生活的行为模式。身体意象形成了我们身体自尊及整体自我价值最重要的部分,因而一直受到心理学等相关学科领域研究的关注。大学生是生理、心理定型的重要阶段,研究不同体育锻炼阶段的大学生的身体意象特点,可以为改善大学生的心理健康的研究提供参考,也可以为促进体育锻炼行为的研究、健康促进研究提供一定的参考。