文化与心理学关系的三种研究模式及其发展趋势

自20世纪后半期开始，文化与心理学的关系越来越受到心理学家的关注，从而使其成为一个重要的研究领域。跨文化心理学、文化心理学和本土心理学是有关文化与心理学关系的三种主要的研究模式。跨文化心理学的研究对象是不同文化群体的心理与行为比较；文化心理学研究文化对人的心理与行为的影响；本土心理学研究本土背景中与文化相关的和从文化派生出来的心理与行为活动。它们都从不同的角度阐明了文化与心理学的关系。最终，通过一种深层结构理论，即一种普适性理论将会把它们的研究结果整合起来。     

Parental expectation of early childhood education: comparison between China, Japan, and Korea

This study investigates 727 parents from China, Japan, and Korea by a self-devised scale and compares the differences in their expectation of early childhood education in cross-cultural backgrounds. The result shows that parents from the three countries have a positive attitude toward their children's development. The main effect of nations on such factors as individual development, close attention to diet, willpower training, moral judgment, and emotional exchange with adults is significant, while the two-way interaction between nations and child gender, nations and child age, and the three-way interaction between nations, child gender, and child age are not significant. Translated from Xueqian Jiaoyu Yanjiu 学前教育研究 (Studies in Preschool Education), 2006, (4): 60–62     

Students’ Perceptions of Mental Health Counseling in the United Arab Emirates (UAE)

Counseling services in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) have focused on counseling in the elementary and secondary schools. To date, the idea of the private practitioner of mental health counseling has been virtually nonexistent. However, education officials at the University of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) have been exploring the option of following the international trends of preparing students for mental health counseling services, with special emphasis in marriage and family. A counselor education degree would allow individuals to operate private practices to address various concerns that impact individuals within the society at large. No instruments that measure perceptions of counseling from an international perspective were found for the purposes of this study. Therefore, it was necessary for the authors to devise and test a new tool. Surveys were completed by a sample of 141 undergraduate students regarding their perceptions of the importance of counseling in UAE society and the role of the counselor in society and other general questions regarding perceptions of counseling. With this initial effort, psychometric properties of the ‘Perceptions about Counseling Survey’ appeared promising. Results revealed that students had a favorable view toward the role of the counselor in UAE society. Results further revealed that students perceived the counseling profession as favorable. Given that the participants were predominately female, the results were analyzed from the social and cultural perspective of women in Arab society and the social psychological theory of ‘attitude’ is considered as a contextual backdrop.     

外语教学与跨文化交际

不同文化背景的人们进行交往主要是异域文化的交流———即跨文化交流 ,因此 ,跨文化交际能力的培养是外语教学的目的之一。本文就外语教学中跨文化交际的相关问题进行了探讨。     

浅谈跨文化教育与英语教学

语言离不开文化,文化在很大程度上依靠语言,英语教学是语言教学,当然离不开文化教育.本文将从听、说、读、写、四个方面浅谈如何在英语教学中实现跨文化交际教教学.     

农村中学英语教学跨文化意识培养现状与对策探略

鉴于农村中学英语教学所面临的跨文化意识培养的缺失和英语教师自身跨文化意识发展不足的现状,提出在农村中学英语教学中创设跨文化交际教学环境、开展文化体验课外活动和教师跨文化意识发展的三个对策。     

美国跨文化模式的多元文化教师教育课程分析

在教学过程中,教师对引导学生的发展发挥着重要的作用。如果教师负责为多元文化学生创造高效的文化回应式教育体验,那么在教师教育课程中就应该培养教师与多元文化学生和谐共处的能力。随着全球化视域下多元文化教育的凸显,以及美国中小学生种族、族群、文化和语言结构的多元化日益增强,美国中小学教育更需要擅长多元文化教育的教师。针对现实中孤立的多元文化教师教育课程的设置及其低效问题,美国提倡设置基于全球观培养教师跨文化能力的多元文化教师教育课程,使教师具有广泛的多元文化知识基础、态度,形成持续的跨文化教学能力。     

Investigating teachers’ explanations for aggressive classroom discipline strategies in China and Australia

Student misbehaviour can provoke aggressive teacher management (e.g. yelling in anger), adversely effecting students’ learning and attitudes toward school. To investigate this phenomenon, data were obtained from 75 Chinese (typically Eastern) and 192 Victorian (typically Western) secondary teachers who self-reported aggressive management. Results: 49% of Chinese and 59% of Australian teachers adopt aggressive behaviours rarely to sometimes; and, 9% of Chinese and 13% of Australian teachers sometimes or more frequently. The teachers were assessed for levels of support for Attribution, Attachment or Efficacy theory as explanations. The only significant differences were found for Attachment theory with Chinese teachers reporting significantly more support. National setting explained 29% of the variance independent of gender, levels of aggression and years of experience.     

早期部分浸入式双语教育的探索——加拿大早期完全浸入式双语教育对我国少数民族地区学前双语教育的启示

本文在深入研究和总结加拿大早期完全浸入式双语教育理论和经验的基础上,结合我国的实际情况,提出了在我国少数民族地区开展早期部分浸入式双语教育,并从理论支撑、选择缘由等维度探索了在我国少数民族地区通过该模式开展学前双语教育的可行性和对策.     

跨文化交际中俄汉身势语的比较研究

身势语是人类交际中较常见的一种非言语交际手段,在跨文化交际中起着非常重要的作用。身势语的研究不仅与语言使用的研究密切相关,而且与哲学、文化学、心理学、交际学等诸多学科有着密切的关系,因此对身势语的研究,具有十分重要的意义。为此,在阐述身势语的概念、分类以及身势语在跨文化交际中所起的作用的基础上,着重从俄汉民族文化差异的角度来分析俄汉身势语的异同,将其进行比较研究,以便深入掌握俄汉身势语,并在跨文化交际中熟练应用,促进中俄两国之间的文化交流。