分布式创新、知识共享与开源软件项目绩效的关系研究

开源软件是分布式创新下集体智慧的代表,知识共享是影响项目绩效的关键。本文对403份有效问卷进行大样本定量分析,研究影响开源软件项目内成员间知识共享的核心要素和机制。研究表明,以共享知识为中介的分布式创新影响开源项目绩效。其中,开发员作为供给端,从参与动机、社会网络、组织文化三方面;用户作为需求端,从用户创新角度共同对共享知识显著影响,进而影响开源项目绩效。薪酬刺激对于开源软件开发员的参与动机影响并不显著,打破了以往的认知误区。社会网络对成员间知识共享的影响程度最大。开源项目核心团队的管理能力胜于其技术能力,对项目绩效产生作用。用户创新对于促进开源软件项目绩效意义重大。     

高新技术项目投资风险的人工神经网络综合评价模型

高新技术项目投资具有高风险、高收益等特点，科学准确的风险评价对项目投资至关重要。在分析高新技术项目投资风险影响因素的基础上，并根据投资风险分级标准，建立了高新技术项目投资风险进行综合评价的人工神经网络模型，能有效地避免层次分析等传统评价过程中的人为影响。仿真实验表明，采用该方法能获得令人满意的结果。     

A large-scale donor attempt to improve educational status of the poor and household income distribution: The experience of PEDC in Vietnam

In 2003, donors combined together in Vietnam to support the provision of quality primary schooling for 226 disadvantaged districts (about a third of the country). US$160 million was invested in infrastructure, materials and training across the 226 districts. The programme has been commended by donors and received good press inside Vietnam. Comparison of achievement surveys in 2001 and 2007 showed, however, that there had been a decline in performance in the targeted districts. This article explores various hypotheses as to how this could have happened; and in particular the increasing amounts spent by better-off households on their children's education.     

Assessing Key Competences across the Curriculum — and Europe

The development of key competences for lifelong learning has been an important policy imperative for EU Member States. The European Reference Framework of key competences (2006) built on previous developments by the OECD, UNESCO and Member States themselves. It defined key competences as knowledge, skills and attitudes applied appropriately to contexts. Now most Member States have incorporated key competences, or similarly broad learning outcomes, into their school curriculum frameworks. This is a necessary but insufficient step towards implementation; for the effective development of learners' key competences, assessment must also change. This article focuses on the challenge of assessing cross-curricular key competences in primary and secondary education. It is based on a major study for the European Commission (Gordon, et al., 2009), which drew on information gathered and validated with the help of experts in each of the 27 EU Member States. The study's typology of assessment provides a basis for reviewing some recent developments in Member States. Present challenges and innovative responses are addressed, including ‘unpacking’ key competences, ‘mapping’ them to contexts and ‘accessment’ of their full scope and range. Policy developments are considered in the context of the author's work with the European Commission's Thematic Working Group on the assessment of key competences. The article concludes with considerations for policy and practice.     

Multicultural contacts in education: a case study of an exchange project between different ethnic groups

One important aim of citizenship education is learning to deal with cultural diversity. To this end, schools organise exchange projects to bring students into contact with different social and cultural groups. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of intergroup contact in educational settings and to understand what the most favourable conditions are. The paper discusses a case study on an exchange between 10th‐grade students of Surinamese and Dutch‐Antillean backgrounds from an Amsterdam suburb with native Dutch students from rural Netherlands. The study included interviews with teachers and students and pre‐ and post‐tests of intergroup attitudes. The results indicate that students become more aware of their own preconceived ideas. The results show that interaction on the individual level is important. Getting students to work together on common goals is an effective way of stimulating interaction.     

基于ASEB栅格分析法的沙漠类体育旅游项目开发——以宁夏沙漠体育旅游项目为例

宁夏成功举办了中国首届沙漠运动会,在沙漠体育项目的开发方面走在了全国的前列,在对参与沙漠类体育旅游项目的游客进行问卷调查的基础上,采用ASEB栅格分析法,通过分析宁夏沙漠类体育旅游项目的优势条件、劣势因素、机遇因素、制约其开发的客观因素,相应地提出沙漠类体育旅游项目的开发对策。     

生物医学工程专业虚拟仿真实验项目建设与实践

生物医学工程专业是理、工、医高度交叉的专业,在进行虚拟仿真实验项目建设时必须考虑其专业特点。该文分析了生物医学工程专业虚拟仿真实验项目建设的现状,提出了多学科融合、科研导向、线上线下、虚实结合的一些项目建设思路,并介绍了本校生物医学工程综合性虚拟仿真实验项目建设的实践经验。     

基于论文合作关系的科研项目专家回避模型研究

[目的/意义]针对科研项目评审专家选取工作中的回避问题,试图提出一套可行的用于确定回避专家的模型方法,避免人际关系对评审工作的干扰,保障科研评价的规范性和公正性。[方法/过程]首先以专家与申请人之间的论文合作关系为切入点,以合作强度、合作作者深度、方向匹配度和评审业绩为主要指标;然后采用综合权重和修正TOPSIS法对各指标进行分析,构建面向科研项目的专家回避量化模型;最后根据规定的专家组成员数量,考虑年龄、机构、性别等分布情况,明确应该回避的专家。[结果/结论]经检验,该模型在给出回避专家名单时,可以有效避免"唯合作论"的问题,回避理由充分,符合科技管理部的专家选取要求,能够为专家遴选工作提供一定的决策支撑。     

论人防工程通风质量监督控制

结合现有的人防工程建设实际,针对人防工程的使用要求,抓好防护通风质量监督控制,确保人防工程质量和使用功能,保证人民生命财产安全,对提高人防工程的战备效益、经济社会效益和环境效益等都具有重要意义.因此,保证人防工程的防护通风质量,是人防工程质量控制管理的重要内容,本文对此分析提出相关意见和建议.     

充分利用中央财政专项资金推进图书馆建设与发展——以长沙学院为例

中央财政设立了支持地方高校发展专项资金,这对于地方高校及图书馆的发展是一次难得的机遇。高校图书馆具备申报专项资金项目的基础和条件,也具有申报专项资金项目的紧迫性和必要性。专项资金的建设内容应着重考虑数字资源购建、应用服务系统建设、数字资源管理与服务环境建设等。项目的规划与实施对于丰富文献信息资源、提高文献信息资源保障能力和对教学科研的支撑能力,加快数字图书馆建设具有重要意义。