工读学生心理防御特征及其与自尊水平的关系

目的:考察工读学生使用防御方式的特点,了解性别、学生类型、年龄和自尊对防御方式使用的影响。方法:使用防御方式问卷(DSQ)和自尊量表(SES)分别对78名工读学生和126名普通初中生进行测试。结果:(1)工读学生较普通生更多的使用投射、被动攻击、潜意显现、抱怨和退行五种不成熟的防御方式和伴无能之全能、隔离和消耗倾向三种中间型的防御方式,更少使用升华这种成熟型防御方式,工读生的掩饰性较低且自尊水平更低。(2)自尊水平对工读生不成熟的防御和普通生不成熟的防御都有显著的预测作用,性别对普通生成熟型防御方式有显著预测作用。结论:工读生防御方式的主要特点体现在他们对不成熟防御方式的使用程度显著高于普通学生,自尊水平是工读学生使用不成熟的防御方式的一个显著的预测源。     

多型腔非平衡布置注射模的浇注平衡分析

本文通过对非平衡系统的瓶盖进行模流分析,比较了多模腔制件在填充时间,V/P切换中的差别,并提出运用Moldflow中的Runner Balance进行优化,在3D模式下进行重新分析.得到优化的设计方案,事实证明,在模具流道长度尺寸受限的情况下,通过改变截面积可以使填充得到很大的改善.     

Private Higher Education and Economic Development

In Western Europe, especially in Germany, private higher education is generally perceived as an alternative to public higher education for students from relatively affluent families; more broadly, there is a general perception that attending a private higher education institution is correlated to wealth. This perception is influenced by private higher education in the US, which is the world's most visible private system, but also probably the most atypical. In this article, we will analyse the relationship between private higher education attainment and the wealth of nations as reflected by their per capita GDP. We will try to relate the indicators in models that use cross-sectional transnational data as well as time series analysis for four contrasting countries (Chile, Germany, Romania, and the US). We will address two questions: (1) do wealthier nations have a higher percentage of enrolment in private higher education? and (2) does enrolment in private higher education grow with economic growth? Our analysis shows that a simple general relationship between enrolment in private higher education and the wealth of nations does not exist.     

Differential Influences of Family Processes for Scientifically Talented Individuals' Academic Achievement Along Developmental Stages

Differential influences of various family processes for students of science talent and students in general education from Grades 4 to 12 and Science Olympians in Korea were examined by administering Korean Inventory of Parental Influence. Korean Science Olympians were additionally interviewed about their family and school experiences. Family processes were perceived more frequently or more strongly by scientifically talented students and younger students than general-education students and older students, respectively. Supportive and conducive family processes were maintained even in the high-school period in the families of scientifically talented students, whereas they decreased as students in general education get older. Father's involvement emerged as the most influential predictor of mathematics and science achievement, whereas press for intellectual development was a significant predictor for grade-point average (GPA). Parents may need to maintain the conducive and supportive family processes even for their high-school children in order to nurture their talents in mathematics and science.     

内蒙古大学生网络成瘾和心理健康的相关研究

笔者采用自编的大学生网络成瘩量表对内蒙古在校本科大学生进行问卷调查,结果显示：男生的网络成瘾量表总分显著高于女生;理工科大学生的网络成瘾量表总分显著高于文科大学生;大学生网络成癌量表总分在年级上存在显著差异,事后比较得知大一学生得分最高,且显著高于大三学生和大四学生,大二学生得分显著高于大三学生;大学生网络成瘾群体在心理健康水平的10个维度上的得分均显著高于正常群体;大学生网络成瘾得分和心理健康水平的10个维度上的得分存在显著相关。最后得出结论：大学生网络使用正常群体的心理健康水平明显好于成瘾群体。     

中小学生道德判断和道德行为发展关系研究

目的：探讨云南中小学生道德判断和道德行为的发展关系。方法：用团体施测方法对410名学生的道德判断和行为进行评定。结果：小五、初二学生及哈尼族学生的道德发展得分有一致性，男、女学生的道德发展也具有一致性；昆明学生的道德发展相关程度明显高于元江学生。讨论：中小学生的道德判断与道德行为相关非常显著，学生对道德认知的内化是影响其道德发展的关键。     

大学专科生心理健康调查与分析

通过大学生人格问卷(UPI)和临床症状自评量表SCL-90对大专生心理健康状况及症状分布的调查研究，我们发现：大专生的心理健康状况总体良好；除个别症状外，男女生心理问题无显差异；人际关系敏感是他们的最主要临床症状。     

Measurement of maximal muscle cross-sectional area of the elbow extensors and flexors in children,teenagers and adults

Abstract

The aims of this study were to examine age and sex differences in elbow extensor and flexor anatomical muscle cross-sectional area (mCSA) measured by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and the location of maximal mCSA as a percentage of the distance from the distal to the proximal end of the humerus. Ninety-five individuals spread across the age groups 9 – 10 years, 16 – 17 years and 21 years participated in the study. Muscle cross-sectional area derived from the manual MRI tracing proved to be highly reliable in terms of limits of agreement (?2.5 to 1.5 cm²) and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC = 0.998). A sex-by-age group analysis of variance revealed significant effects (P < 0.01) of sex, group and a sex-by-group interaction, the latter reflecting a greater increase in males than females of upper arm mCSA from childhood to adulthood. Extensor mCSA was more proximal (55 ± 6%) than that of the flexors (28 ± 6%). A significant effect (P < 0.01) of group was found for location of maximal extensor mCSA, reflecting its more distal position with increasing age. Measurements of muscle size should be made at the individually determined position of maximal mCSA if interpreting data collected during growth and maturation, especially if the muscle group of interest is the elbow extensors and if different age groups are being monitored.