青少年价值观与敬畏感的关系

This article selected a sample of 1,296 Chinese adolescents with a mean age of 14.7 years to explore the relationships between adolescents’ values and dispositional awe, using a cross-sectional survey based on CVQ and DAS. The results showed that the level of adolescents’ dispositional awe was above a moderate level (M=4.75), with females’ awe significantly greater than males’ (4.80 v. s. 4.70), that adolescents scored higher significantly in values of self-discipline, public interest, ability and pragmatism, law-abiding and conformity, and human relations (M=5.13, 5. 05, 4.75, 4.69, 4.24), indicating a pro-social orientation, that adolescents’ values were positively associated with their dispositional awe, and that the pro-social values was predictive of adolescents’ positive dispositional awe. These findings suggest that cultivating adolescents’ cherished pro-social values would help enhance their dispositional awe.     

中国企业青年职工心理资本的因果关系验证

结合个人深度访谈、问卷调查、统计分析的方法,验证心理资本的二阶因子模型,并构建结构方程模型验证心理资本的因果关系,认为心理资本由目标感、责任感和回复力三个维度构成;工作挑战性对心理资本产生显著的影响;心理资本对工作幸福感产生显著的影响。     

河北省中学教师职业倦怠现状的调查研究

目的：探讨河北省中学教师职业倦怠的现状和特点。方法：采用修订的MBI教师职业倦怠量表对河北省513名中学教师进行调查。结果：（1）河北省中学教师职业倦怠的总体程度不高,但情感耗竭程度相对比较严重;（2）河北省中学教师职业倦怠中三个维度随教龄增长呈现出“两头低,中间高”的趋势;（3）高中教师的职业倦怠水平显著高于初中教师;（4）5～14年教龄和15年以上教龄初中教师职业倦怠水平都显著高于0～4年教龄段的初中教师。结论：河北省中学教师职业倦怠总体不太严重,但在情感耗竭维度方面较为突出;高中教师以及教龄在5～14年的教师职业倦怠总体程度更高,因此更需要社会的关注。     

An exploration of Illinois students' attitudes toward science using multivariate multilevel modeling with a cross-sectional sample of responses from grades 5 through 10

The present study examined students' attitudes toward science and associated constructs, based on the theories of reasoned action and planned behavior, and explored relationships between individual and school-related variables common to the research literature. Responses from 1,291 students in Grades 5 through 10 were collected using the 30-item Behaviors, Related Attitudes, and Intentions toward Science (BRAINS) Survey along with background information questions. Additional self-report data were collected from teachers (n = 56; 82.4%) in participating schools (n = 68) to obtain information about their education and experience, characteristics and practices, as well as other classroom variables, which could influence students' outlook. Student information, teacher data collected, and other data compiled about participating schools, were used to explore patterns in students' attitudes, beliefs, and intentions. These variables were used to generate multivariate multilevel models through a forward construction process. The final model presented favors individual variables to explain differences in students' responses on all five of the BRAINS subscales, more than group-level variables captured. Of the predictor variables explored, students' perceived science ability and frequency of talk with family were influential on all subscales, and increasing these variables had a positive effect on the estimated mean scores according to the final model presented. Findings from this study also include commonly observed relationships, such as the decline in attitudes over time, but these were found to be less pervasive in this sample. The paper concludes with a discussion about the comparative ineffectiveness of teacher and school-related variables in explaining students' attitudes toward science in this study, in light of design decisions and limitations, to guide future investigations.     

营商环境对城市创新能力的影响——基于中国287个地级市的空间计量分析

在经济新常态的背景下,城市创新能力的提升能够促进中国经济实现新旧动能的转换,而营商环境是一个城市竞争力的体现,好的营商环境就是生产力,本文旨在考察优化营商环境是否会促进城市创新能力的提升。基于中国287个地级市为研究样本,并使用截面空间计量模型进行分析,研究表明：优化营商环境会对城市创新产生显著积极影响,营商环境每上升1个标准差,会导致城市创新能力提高0.1503个标准差；城市创新能力具有显著的空间溢出效应；在信息化程度高,但经济发展水平较低、第三产业占比较低、城市规模较小、政府科技扶持力度较小的中小城市,营商环境对城市创新的促进作用会更为明显。本文对于厘清营商环境与城市创新能力的关系有所贡献,同时,为中国的优化营商环境工作和创新发展理念提供了理论支撑,具有重要的学术价值和实践意义。     

大学生人生价值观的影响因素分析

了解当代大学生人生价值观的总体情况,探讨大学生价值观形成的影响因素.采用西南大学徐华春等人编制的青年人生价值问卷,对453大学生进行调查.结果表明,学校、家庭、性别、年龄等因素对人生价值观的形成有着不同程度的影响,说明了人生价值观的形成是个体内在因素和外在环境因素共同作用的结果.     

基于代际视角的婚姻动因和婚姻质量的特点及关系

婚姻是构筑家庭的基本形式,家庭是社会的基本单位,因此在不同时代背景下关注人们的婚姻动因和质量评价具有理论和现实意义。本研究采用Olson婚姻质量问卷和婚姻动因问卷,对某省三座城市的188名生于60、70和80年代的已婚者进行调查,旨在研究代际间婚姻动因和婚姻质量的特点与关系。研究发现:(1)代际、性别和受教育程度影响婚姻动因,代际和受教育程度分别影响婚姻动因中自身方面和物质经济因素,性别和代际交互影响婚姻动因中的家庭社会因素;(2)婚姻动因、代际和受教育程度影响婚姻质量,自身方面婚姻动因和受教育程度分别影响婚姻质量总分及夫妻交流等因素,婚姻满意度等婚姻质量因子得分存在代际间差异。     

不同项目运动员大腿伸、屈肌群面积与髋关节屈伸力矩的相关研究

通过对运动员股四头肌、股后肌群不同断面面积及髋关节屈伸力矩的测量,探索不同项目运动员大腿肌肉不同断面的面积大小与髋关节屈伸力量相关的内在规律。肌肉横断面积采用螺旋CT进行断层扫描,影像分析采用MoticImagesAdvanced3.0测试系统软件,力量测试采用美国Cybex-Norm等速测力系统,数据处理采用SPSS8.0软件。结果表明:1)运动员股四头肌、股后肌群不同断面面积与髋关节屈伸力矩的相关性主要体现在大腿的中、上段,髋关节屈时的相关以上段为主,伸时的相关以上、中段为主。2)足球运动员在中、高速运动左髋屈时,其屈肌的力量与大腿上段肌肉的横断面积密切相关,而右侧在低、高速也具有同样的相关;而足球运动员在中、高速运动左髋伸时,其伸肌的力量与大腿中段肌肉的横断面积密切相关。速滑运动员的相关性以右侧伸肌相关最明显。     

Exploring students’ conceptions of science learning via drawing: a cross-sectional analysis

ABSTRACT

This cross-sectional study explored students’ conceptions of science learning via drawing analysis. A total of 906 Taiwanese students in 4th, 6th, 8th, 10th, and 12th grade were asked to use drawing to illustrate how they conceptualise science learning. Students’ drawings were analysed using a coding checklist to determine the presence or absence of specified attributes. Data analysis showed that the majority of students pictured science learning as school-based, involving certain types of experiment or teacher lecturing. In addition, notable cross-sectional differences were found in the ‘Activity’ and ‘Emotions and attitudes’ categories in students’ drawings. Three major findings were made: (1) lower grade level students conceptualised science learning with a didactic approach, while higher graders might possess a quantitative view of science learning (i.e. how much is learned, not how well it is learned), (2) students’ positive and negative emotions and attitudes toward science learning reversed around middle school, and (3) female students expressed significantly more positive emotions and attitudes than their male counterparts. In conclusion, higher graders’ unfruitful conceptions of science learning warrant educators’ attention. Moreover, further investigation of girls’ more positive emotions and attitudes found in this study is needed.     

Learning illustrated: An exploratory cross-sectional drawing analysis of students' conceptions of learning

Using the draw-a-picture technique, the authors explored the learning conceptions held by students across grade levels. A total of 1,067 Taiwanese students in Grades 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 participated in this study. Participants were asked to use drawing to illustrate how they conceptualize learning. A coding checklist was developed to analyze the features in the students' drawings. Consistent with previous study, the majority of the students' drawings portrayed learning happening in a traditional classroom that is teacher centered, with students depicted as passive listeners. Additionally, three main findings were obtained: (a) younger students held episodic images of learning as opposed to more mature students, (b) the human agents involved in learning shifted from others to self, and (c) negative emotions and attitudes reached a plateau in Grades 6, 8, and 10. The results of the study suggested possible cognitive and emotional developmental trends that warrant further investigation.