湖北"共享工程"资源建设若干问题探析

对“共享工程”资源建设的思路、内容、建设目标及存在的问题与对策等若干问题进行了阐述与分析。     

电视的危机

电视危机的到来无法避免,主要基于两方面的原因:一是技术进步的必然结果,任何新兴的媒体必然以自身技术上的优势对旧有媒体形成冲击,互联网与电视的关系形象地说明了这点;一是当代电视所形成的文化品格,长期以来形成的电视的观念、电视和受众之间的关系也给电视自身的发展带来了危机.     

基于“一站式”服务的模式及支撑平台

从基于读者到馆的“面对面”的服务, 到基于W eb 网上“一站式”服务, 图书馆的服务方式正在发生着变革——最终用户能更多地自主进行信息资源的查找, 直接获得需求满足。这种变革昭示着用户与图书馆的时空距离都将不再是人们利用信息资源的障碍。本文介绍了基于“一站式”服务的内涵、实质、支撑平台及服务模式。     

早期记者的职业意识和精神危机

早期记者产生于外人所办报馆 ,孕育于半殖民地半封建社会。从产生之初就深受西方新闻观念影响。中国最早的现代意义上的记者正是在西方文化冲击下 ,初步形成了自己的职业意识和观念。同时 ,他们又受传统文化影响 ,难以摆脱传统观念影响 ,热衷科举 ,对西方文化表现出排斥心理。本文试图通过揭示早期记者的职业认同危机、科举情结、文化认同危机 ,考察分析早期记者的职业意识和精神状况 ,以及其对新闻工作的影响     

信息化环境下我国图书馆业务管理模式变革研究

近百年来,我国图书馆的业务经历了由近代向现代管理模式的转变。从转变机制来看,图书馆业务管理模式的转变主要是靠他变机制的力量推动。我国图书馆业务管理模式整体变革,应从建立国家图书馆事业管理及协调机构、形成大的图书馆事业集团、优化图书馆内部业务管理部门入手,推进管理模式变革。参考文献11。     

面向知识创新的信息服务

网络环境下面向知识创新的信息服务运作模式有两大类型:专业信息中心模式、虚拟社区模式。图书馆应积极探索智能化程度更高、更富人性化的服务和技术,包括建立个性化信息导引机制、“一步到位”式的参考链接服务、合作虚拟参考咨询服务以及集成式多语种检索服务。参考文献7。     

论国家文献信息资源保障体系建设

建设国家文献信息资源保障体系具有重要意义。有国家的政策支持,有雄厚的信息资源基础和先进的技术支持,建设科学的国家信息资源保障体系是完全可行的。建设中要遵守用户至上、适合国情、共知共享和科学性、系统性等原则。体系的文献信息采购模式可采用补贴型与平台型结合的模式,其组织模式可采用高级理事会的模式。保障体系应注意处理好各类资源及其拥有与存取的关系问题。参考文献14。     

Excluding archival silences: Oral history and historical absence

Despite our society's increasing reliance on electronic documentation, to-date archives remain, largely, material repositories of cultural memory. It is an accepted historical problematic, however, that culture is often resistant to material preservation. There exists an undeniable and profound tension between scholarly efforts to reconstruct history and interpret cultural traditions and the fragmentary, and often limited, material record. That is to say, scholarship is shaped by a sinuous negotiation around the historical silences that encompass all of material culture. Historical silences, however, can at times be marginalized (or at best excluded) by a sensitive configuration of material evidence with oral history.Excluding Archival Silences: Oral History and Historical Absence uses a historically and geographically specific example of oral history to engage in a more generalist discussion of how oral reflection, especially when shaped by material evidences, can be an especially effective tool for preserving the dynamics of culture that often remain undocumented.     

Spread or Sacrifice: Dilemma for Lighting Policies

ABSTRACT

Light sensitive objects will fade on display. Collection managers and curators face the dilemma whether to spread fading over several similar objects or sacrifice one. This paper describes an experiment in which participants were asked how they would want to pass on a collection of seventeenth century hand-coloured maps to coming generations. Results show that while colour changes are hardly visible, both public and professionals do not perceive them as damage and prefer to spread fading. Once fading becomes clearly visible in all maps, the preference shifts to sacrificing one map. The tipping point lies around five just noticeable changes. This information can be used when selecting objects for exhibition. The outcome also implies it would be prudent to assess the degree of fading of much exhibited objects and consider whether and when to choose for a sacrifice strategy.     

The metamorphosis of medical discourse and embedded cultural rationality: a content analysis of health reporting for neurasthenia and depressive disorder in China

Neurasthenia (shenjing shuairuo) and depressive disorder are medical issues that have given rise to disputes in China for more than 20 years. Since the 1980s, the once ubiquitous diagnosis of neurasthenia in China was rapidly substituted by depressive disorder in the clinical context. Globally, the metamorphosis from neurasthenia to depressive disorder heralded the triumph of scientific rationality, which identifies neurasthenia as a categorical fallacy. In China, however, neurasthenia retained social and cultural significance; thus, it has become a contestable discourse in relation to depressive disorder. By examining the health reporting of both discourses over a decade, this study explicated how neurasthenia and depressive disorder were represented in a popular health newspaper in China. The content analysis showed that neurasthenia is a more culturally and everyday embedded discourse closely associated with Chinese medicine and laymen’s discourse, while depressive disorder is more associated with Western medicine and the professional discourse. The differentiation of two sets of medical discourse evinces that despite the ostensibly prevailing scientific rationality in media health reporting, cultural rationality is deeply embedded in communicating mental health issues with the lay public. It further suggests the significance of investigating the social and cultural expression of mental illnesses in China.