Exploring an intervention’s impact on everyday school activities

The focus of this paper is on a group of pupils with reading and writing difficulties who have been participating in an intervention study using assistive technology. That intervention study contained supervised training sessions with reading and writing tasks using an iPad with special supportive applications. The current study is a qualitative investigation of whether there has been any transfer from the intervention, to the pupils’ everyday school activities. Interviews with pupils and their teachers and observations during classroom lectures have been used to collect data. The results show that the pupils were positive to the assistive technology (the applications on the iPads), they found the apps easy to learn how to use and they appreciated the benefits they could give. Even so, only a few of the pupils had found use for and continued to use the tools after the intervention period finished. Possible reasons are that when the novelty wore off, students reverted to their usual study habits and that older students with many teachers and different classrooms were less able to adapt to using the apps. To improve transfer, it is suggested to introduce assistive technology earlier to students, in the younger grades, before study habits have been formed and to inform teachers about the use of AT in the classroom, including what is available and how it can benefit students.     

‘They think that if you're a teacher here … you're not clever enough to be a proper teacher’: the courtesy stigma experienced by teachers employed at schools for pupils with behavioural,emotional and social difficulties (BESD)

A wealth of literature has identified that children with behavioural, emotional and social difficulties (BESD) and their families are frequently stigmatised due to the perceived controllable and ‘invisible’ nature of this special educational need (SEN). Yet little research has considered the impact of this stigma on another group of individuals, educational practitioners employed in BESD schools. This is despite these professionals working in close contact with pupils with BESD, a heavily stigmatised group, on a regular basis. This paper therefore, details a study which explored perceptions of stigma specifically with educational professionals employed in schools for pupils with BESD. Semi‐structured interviews with nine practitioners (including head teachers and class teachers with additional responsibilities) were conducted, all of whom had worked within the BESD sector for at least 10 years, with data being analysed via Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Findings revealed how educational practitioners employed in BESD schools experienced courtesy stigma, with many not being perceived as ‘proper’ teachers due to a discourse of care surrounding BESD. Other professionals reported much confusion from their mainstream colleagues and other individuals about how they could want to work with such ‘challenging’ pupils. This courtesy stigma was linked to the wider stigma surrounding BESD schools, which were often ignorantly perceived to be full of ‘bad boys’ or ‘absolute horrors’. This paper concludes by considering the implications of these findings for policy and practice, and provides recommendations for addressing the identified stigma towards practitioners employed in BESD schools.     

我国不当得利制度之反思与重构

不当得利作为民法领域里最为古老的制度之一，其在现代民法社会里的价值常常被学者和立法者忽略。然其内在制度价值是不可估量的，一套详实严谨操作性强的不当得利制度不仅有利于发挥民法中物法、债法的功用，更能监督侵权法的适用。我国不当得利制度内容匮乏，理论基础和功能定位偏差，其制度价值远远没有被挖掘出来。在未来构建我国不当得利制度时，首先应明确其制度基础及功能，其次应当充分肯定不当得利制度的独立性，然后详细构建其法律事实和法律效果，以使不当得利制度真正服务于我国经济发展。     

How can children with mild literacy difficulties be supported at the transition to secondary school? A small‐scale quasi‐experimental study

There is evidence that pupils with weak literacy skills struggle on transition to secondary school. Many experience a drop in attainment in the summer break between the two. A British government‐funded programme of rigorously designed research on boosting literacy at transition had (by 2015) found only four of 15 interventions evaluated had positive effects. This small‐scale quasi‐experimental study investigated the effectiveness of support for pupils with mild literacy difficulties on transition to secondary school. Thirty‐two pupils in three schools were involved; half received the programme. Pairs were matched on reading, spelling, age and gender. Intervention was designed around the individual needs of each pupil, focusing variously on language skills, writing, reading and spelling. The group receiving the programme made modest gains in spelling, reading efficiency and single word reading. The comparison group lost ground, relatively, in all three areas. The results suggest a promising line for more rigorous investigation.     

Exploring the work and learning stories of para‐teachers in a college for further education in England

This paper reports findings from a research project which developed and introduced the Enhanced Learning Support Assistant Programme (ELSAP). This was a source of professional development for learning support assistants who were supporting students with additional learning needs in a college for further education in England. The purpose of this paper is to share findings from the project and to report on how learning support assistants experienced their work in inclusive college classrooms. The research project was a mixed methods study with participants drawn from learning support assistants within one college for further education in England. Data was collected throughout the 14‐week intervention. Findings indicate that issues exist around the uniqueness of the vocational curriculum and the implications this has for classroom support. It also shows how conflicting classroom procedures can generate feelings of confusion and how learning support workers often feel lonely in their role with no natural opportunity to mix with others. Furthermore, it indicates how a general lack of knowledge about teaching and learning contribute to them experiencing difficulty when performing their role which feed their views that a college for further education can be a complex and hostile environment to work in.     

粤西洪拳文化特点及其发展现状的社会学分析

粤西洪拳是粤西人民几百年来一直流传的优秀文化遗产，长期以来在简单朴素的粤西农耕社会中起 到防身、健身、娱乐、教育和承传文化的作用，同时为当地养出一批批优秀武术人才和时代英雄。但随着 社会文化的不断发展和西方体育文化的冲击，粤西洪拳与其它中国传统文化一样呈现衰落趋势。文章运用 文献法、访谈法和问卷法对粤西地区洪拳的流源、特点、发展历史、洪拳与舞狮文化的关系及发展现状进 行研究，探讨粤西洪拳的文化特点，并从社会学角度对其发展现状进行分析，通过分析粤西洪拳文化变迁 的原因，提醒人们尤其是相关部门对传统文化保护的意识和醒觉。     

Polarography

J Heyrovsky’s invention of polarography in which a dropping mercury electrode is used in the electrochemical cell revolutionised electroanalysis, study of electrode kinetics and adsorption studies on mercury electrodes. Polarography has also directly contributed to the development of new and innovative ideas in electrochemical techniques, instrumentation and applications     

浅析中国英语及其民族特色

随着我国对外开放力度的加大,在世界范围的影响日益扩大,中国英语之语言现象不仅出现的频率越来越高,而且出现的种类也更加纷繁复杂。因此,弄清中国英语的现状、了解其民族特色就显得十分重要。     

黑龙江省越野滑雪后备人才现状分析与发展对策研究

黑龙江省作为我国越野滑雪项目的优势大省,加强对黑龙江省越野滑雪后备人才培养的研究,已成为保证越野滑雪项目可持续发展的重要举措。借助2022年北京市和张家口市联合举办第24届冬季奥运会的良好契机,改善黑龙江省越野滑雪运动后备人才培养现状,是一个值得深入研究和探讨的课题。通过对黑龙江省2011年～2014年经注册的越野滑雪运动员进行定量与定性分析,深入地研究黑龙江省越野滑雪后备人才的培养现状。结果表明,黑龙江省越野滑雪项目存在运动员人数小幅度萎缩,人才匮乏;青少年基础薄弱,选材困难;场地缺乏、器材昂贵等问题。提出改革越野滑雪后备人才培养体制,借鉴先进的训练模式;优化青少年选材标准,选择科学的评价指标;加快场地建设和器材国产化、量产化;加强教练员运动员队伍建设等对策。以期缩小差距,为促进黑龙江省越野滑雪运动项目的可持续发展提供参考。     

黑龙江省冰壶运动后备人才现状与发展的研究

中国女子冰壶队曾经夺得温哥华冬奥会铜牌,男子冰壶队获得索契冬奥会第4名的优异成绩,但在近2年的世界大赛中比赛成绩不尽人意,对我国冰壶运动后备人才的培养拉响了警钟。冰壶运动后备人才的培养,对我国冰壶项目未来的发展,起到至关重要的作用。从冰壶运动员训练的管理体制,冰壶后备人才的科学选材,冰壶后备人才竞技训练效率与质量的评价,冰壶竞技后备人才文化素质的培养4个维度对黑龙江省冰壶运动后备人才培养的现状进行深度剖析;缺乏有效的专业管理部门,训练管理制度不够完善,缺乏定期的评价反馈方法,教练员的科学执教能力亟待提高等是黑龙江省冰壶运动后备人才培养中存在的主要问题。提出加快我国体育管理体制的改革,成立省市冰壶训练管理中心,建立完整的冰壶后备人才梯队选材体系,加强冰壶教练员队伍的建设,进一步提高科学训练水平,提高运动员的教育水平与综合素质等促进黑龙江省冰壶运动后备人才培养的发展对策。