液滴撞击凹凸槽道表面液膜的动态演变

为研究固体表面结构对液滴撞击液膜后演变行为的影响规律,采用CLSVOF方法模拟液滴撞击不同尺寸槽道上的表面液膜的流动过程,获得不同槽道高度和宽度时液滴撞击液膜后的演变行为,探索撞击速度、液膜黏度和表面张力对撞击后液膜铺展行为、水花飞溅高度和二次液滴形成的影响。结果表明,槽道结构对液滴撞击液膜后的动态行为具有显著影响,随着槽道高度的增加,冠状水花厚度越薄,越容易产生二次液滴;随着液膜黏度的增大,则抑制冠状水花形成与二次液滴的产生;液膜表面张力减小时,射流更加明显,二次液滴数更多,飞溅现象提前,冠状水花消失时间延后。     

Responses to oral glucose challenge differ by physical activity volume and intensity: A pilot study

BackgroundOne-hour postprandial hyperglycemia is associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Physical activity (PA) has short-term beneficial effects on post-meal glucose response. This study compared the oral glucose tolerance test results of 3 groups of people with habitually different levels of PA.MethodsThirty-one adults without diabetes (age 25.9 ± 6.6 years; body mass index 23.8 ± 3.8 kg/m²; mean ± SD) were recruited and divided into 3 groups based on self-reported PA volume and intensity: low activity < 30 min/day of moderate-intensity activity (n = 11), moderately active ≥ 30 min/day of moderate-intensity PA (n = 10), and very active ≥ 60 min/day of PA at high intensity (n = 10). Participants completed an oral glucose tolerance test (50 g glucose) with capillary blood samples obtained at baseline, 15 min, 30 min, 45 min, 60 min, 90 min, and 120 min post-ingestion.ResultsThere were no significant differences between groups for age or body fat percentage or glycated hemoglobin (p > 0.05). The groups were significantly different in terms of baseline glucose level (p = 0.003) and, marginally, for gender (p = 0.053) and BMI (p = 0.050). There was a statistically significant effect of PA on the 1-h postprandial glucose results (p = 0.029), with differences between very active and low activity groups (p = 0.008) but not between the moderately active and low activity groups (p = 0.360), even when baseline glucose level and gender differences were accounted for. For incremental area under the curve there was no significant effect of activity group once gender and body fat percentage had been accounted for (p = 0.401). Those in the low activity group took 15 min longer to reach peak glucose level than those in the very active group (p = 0.012).ConclusionThe results suggest that high levels of PA have a beneficial effect on postprandial blood glucose profiles when compared to low and moderate levels of activity.     

转型升级中的学会学习:好孩子公司案例研究

本文首先对传统上本土企业"知识溢出"的思想进行质疑,认为代工企业存在学习失效。本文通过好孩子公司沿全球价值链攀升的案例,认为代工企业转型升级需要组织学习模式的转化:从学习方向上来说成功地从外驱式学习转化为内省式学习、从学习方式上来说从单一的探索式或利用式学习转化为两者均衡的双元学习。此过程中公司创业是制度保证。本文最后还强调了技术创新与管理创新的同步性,并对有些代工企业不成功的原因进行了解读。     

用ABC曲线法评价湛江红树林自然保护区的环境状况

通过2005年4月（枯水期）和7月（丰水期）对湛江红树林自然保护区高桥镇核心区大型底栖动物的调查，以丰度生物量比较（ABC曲线）法评价湛江红树林自然保护区的环境状况，结果表明，德耀村红树林剖面在4月份受轻度污染，7月份受中度污染；而红寨村红树林剖面4月和7月份均受到严重污染．     

AutoCAD中标注表面粗糙度的方法

参照GB／T131—2006的ISO表面结构标准,针对AutoCAD软件中未提供粗糙度标注的命令或工具问题．提出了利用定义块和AutoLISP语言编程两种方法,实现CAD环境下工程图样表面粗糙度符号的标注。     

Fitting Unstructured Finite Mixture Models in Longitudinal Design: A Recommendation for Model Selection and Estimation of the Number of Classes

In longitudinal design, investigating interindividual differences of intraindividual changes enables researchers to better understand the potential variety of development and growth. Although latent growth curve mixture models have been widely used, unstructured finite mixture models (uFMMs) are also useful as a preliminary tool and are expected to be more robust in identifying classes under the influence of possible model misspecifications, which are very common in actual practice. In this study, large-scale simulations were performed in which various normal uFMMs and nonnormal uFMMs were fit to evaluate their utility and the performance of each model selection procedure for estimating the number of classes in longitudinal designs. Results show that normal uFMMs assuming invariance of variance–covariance structures among classes perform better on average. Among model selection procedures, the Calinski–Harabasz statistic, which has a nonparametric nature, performed better on average than information criteria, including the Bayesian information criterion.     

氧化镁和氧化钇掺杂对纳米氧化铝粉末的影响

本文研究了用均相共沉淀法合成氧化铝陶瓷粉末的同时合成氧化镁、氧化钇等掺杂氧化物,发现在掺杂量不大时,同时合成的掺杂氧化物以填隙固溶体方式固溶于立方γ氧化铝中,并且几乎不影响铝氧键性质、晶格常数和衍射波矢,但掺杂使氧化物细化,比表面增大,用此法合成的粉末聚集比较厉害,在粉末中有晶化颗粒存在．     

歇后语的结构及其规范化

歇后语有外在表层结构和内在深层结构，其内在深层结构才是歇后语安身立命之点，构成歇后内在深层结构的前后两部分是矛盾统一体，两者有“同”有“异”。“同”与“异”科学地结合于一体，才构成规范化的歇后语，无“异”不能使歇后语既形象，生动，风越又表达一定的意义，无“同”则不能使其前后两部分合乎逻辑和谐地统一起来，有无“同”是鉴别是否是规范化歇后语的试金石，不合深层构造规律的歇后语是不规范的歇后语，应该沟汰。     

表面肌电的处理方法及在体育科研中的应用前景

表面肌电信号的检测是一种无创电检测方法，它的检验分析对临床诊断及康复医学、运动医学等具有重要意义。肌电图学在体育科学研究上应用较晚，主要用于对肌肉力量和肌肉疲劳的诊断上，并逐步从基础理论研究转向为运动技术服务的实践研究。对表面肌电的信号分析方法及其在体育中应用前景做一综述。     

Considerations for the use of functional principal components analysis in sports biomechanics: examples from on-water rowing

The proliferation of new biomechanical technology in laboratory and field settings facilitates the capture of data-sets consisting of complex time-series. An understanding of the appropriate statistical approaches for analysing and interpreting these data-sets is required and the functional data analysis (FDA) family of statistical techniques has emerged in the biomechanical literature. Given the use of FDA is currently in its infancy with biomechanical data, this paper will form the first of a two part series aiming to address practical issues surrounding the application of FDA techniques in biomechanics. This work focuses on functional principal components analysis (fPCA), which is explored using existing literature and sample data from an on-water rowing database. In particular methodological considerations for the implementation of fPCA such as temporal normalisation of data, removal of unwanted forms of variation in a data-set and documented methods for preserving the original temporal properties within a set of curves are explored in detail as a part of this review. Limitations and strengths of the technique are outlined and recommendations are provided to encourage the appropriate use of fPCA within the field of applied sports biomechanics.