What's trust got to do with it? The ‘washback effect’ of engagement in the 2020 calculated grades process on teachers' trust and future senior cycle reform in Ireland

In Ireland, the high-stakes Leaving Certificate Examination at the end of upper secondary education was abruptly cancelled in 2020 due to the Covid-19 pandemic. Instead, calculated grades were introduced, necessitating for the first time the involvement of secondary school teachers in the assessment of their own students for certification. This article reports on analysis of responses to an online survey with 713 respondents conducted in the autumn of 2020, focusing on teacher experiences of engagement in the process of calculated grades in their schools and how this might inform perceptions of their future roles as assessors. Among the key findings to emerge from re-analyses of these data are inter alia that, for some teachers, (1) negotiation of student grades with colleagues—particularly those at grade boundaries—caused them to question the professional judgements of peers; (2) release by the Department of Education and Skills of student ranks, in addition to grades, constituted a breach of trust because it ran contrary to what they understood had been agreed initially; and (3) living and working in small towns or rural communities in Ireland left them very vulnerable to disgruntled students and their families—resulting in the perception that trust in their professional judgements had been undermined. Hence, the conclusion that the success of Senior Cycle reform efforts is contingent on both rebuilding teachers' trust over time while also working, in the immediate term, with teachers interested in exploring further their roles in school-based assessment for certification purposes.     

基于生命周期的网络信息资源长期保存策略研究

阐述了网络信息资源的概念和特点,诠释了网络信息资源生命周期的内涵,提出了我国网络信息长期保存的策略,如建立全国统一的网络信息资源管理和协调机构、网络信息资源标准、网络信息资源仓储中心、网络信息资源长期保存机制。     

熊彼特及其新熊彼特主义学派关于创新-经济周期研究的述评

创新理论是解释经济周期的一个重要视角。本文以熊彼特及其主流新熊彼特主义学者的创新理论为依据,考察了他们以创新解释经济周期的逻辑发展过程,并扼要评论了他们的理论贡献与不足之处。     

Largest Silurian Vertebrate Discovered from Yunnan,China

<正>An apparent absence of Silurian fishes more than half-a-metre in length has been viewed as evidence that gnathostomes(jawed vertebrates)were restricted in size and diversity prior to the Devonian.A team led by Professor ZHU Min,Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology(IVPP)of the Chinese Academy of Sciences has unearthed a bony fi sh with an estimated length of about 1 meter from the Silurian Kuanti Formation in Yunnan Province of southwestern China,revealing that pre-Devonian gnathostomes could attain comparatively large sizes.The study published on June 12 in the journal of Scientifi c Reports adds     

三种途径获取至关重要的“弧微分”

第一种途径是自创的,仅按极限的定义并结合使用两点间的距离公式和拉格朗日中值定理就可获得弧微分计算公式;第二种途径是经典的,需要用到定积分定义、变上限函数等等;第三种途径是高职高专教材编写者常用的,它需要先默认弦长与弧长之比的极限为1;为了按顺序编写教材,第一种途径最宜。     

Reliabilities of leg and vertical stiffness during treadmill running

The aim of this study was to determine the intra-participant variabilities (i.e. intra-day and inter-day reliabilities) in leg and vertical stiffness, as well as related kinematic parameters, during treadmill running using the sine-wave method. Twenty-two healthy men ran on a treadmill at 4.44 m/s, and the flight and contact times were measured with a high-speed video camera. Three 30-s running bouts with 2-min inter-bout rests were performed to examine the intra-day reliability, and single 30-s running bouts on three separate days with 24- to 48-h inter-bout intervals were performed to examine the inter-day reliability. The reliability statistics included repeated-measure analyses of variance, average inter-trial correlations, intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs), Cronbach's α reliability coefficient, and the coefficient of variation. Both leg and vertical stiffness produced high ICCs within 0.972 and 0.982, respectively, and between 0.922 and 0.873 days, respectively. High values were also observed for all of the reliability coefficients. Similar results were found regarding contact time, flight time, step length, and step rate. It was concluded that the measurements of leg and vertical stiffness, as well as related kinematic parameters, obtained using the sine-wave method during treadmill running at 4.44 m/s, were highly reliable, both within and across days.     

国家优秀残障投掷运动员赛前训练的生化特点及机能评定

对备战2012年伦敦残奥会投掷项目的中国男子16名运动员跟踪调查,根据训练阶段及主要任务的不同,探讨了赛前集训期间运动员的某些生理生化指标的变化,从而了解赛前训练中运动员身体机能的变化规律。结果发现,运动员的T/C指标在大负荷训练期间,随着运动量和运动强度的改变呈现相应的变化。同时显示,运动员的血红蛋白指标相对稳定,这与教练员在训练中加入了很多有氧训练,而且运动量和运动强度都比较适宜有关。结合各测试指标对运动员进行具体分析,及时向教练员反馈,为实施训练计划提供了科学依据。     

理想第二类超导体的临界场

借助Ｇｉｎｚｂｕｒｇ－Ｌａｕｄａｕ理论，阐述了理想第二类超导体处于混合态的临界场，并得出下临界场Ｈｃ１与穿透深度λ、相干长度ξ有关，上临界场Ｈｃ２与参量α有关的结论。     

步长步频及其派生指标在短跑训练实践中的运用

恰当地运用步长、步频及其派生指标对不同的个体进行合理、科学的比较,是对运动员的速度能力作出客观、准确的判断和进行有针对的、卓有成效的速度训练的前提和保证。本文结合运动训练实例,对不同指标的运用差别进行了分析,并提出了应注意的问题。     

PLC理论与市场营销策略

ＰＬＣ是市场学中一个重要的理论。本文着重阐述ＰＬＣ理论的内涵、主要内容和作用，分析了发展中国家ＰＬＣ与发达国家所具有的差异性，并根据中国国情，提出ＰＬＣ可划分为５个阶段，同时指出了ＰＬＣ在这５个阶段中的市场营销策略。