Linking mathematics with engineering applications at an early stage – implementation,experimental set-up and evaluation of a pilot project

Too difficult, too abstract, too theoretical – many first-year engineering students complain about their mathematics courses. The project MathePraxis aims to resolve this disaffection. It links mathematical methods as they are taught in the first semesters with practical problems from engineering applications – and thereby shall give first-year engineering students a vivid and convincing impression of where they will need mathematics in their later working life. But since real applications usually require more than basic mathematics and first-year engineering students typically are not experienced with construction, mensuration and the use of engineering software, such an approach is hard to realise. In this article, we show that it is possible. We report on the implementation of MathePraxis at Ruhr-Universität Bochum. We describe the set-up and the implementation of a course on designing a mass damper which combines basic mathematical techniques with an impressive experiment. In an accompanying evaluation, we have examined the students' motivation relating to mathematics. This opens up new perspectives how to address the need for a more practically oriented mathematical education in engineering sciences.     

图书馆计算机网络机房防朗涌措施探讨

电路中的浪涌已是图书馆计算机网络机房重大安全问题.IT设备防浪涌保护不单纯是防雷击.要综合考虑雷击浪涌、电力线路本身浪涌、感应浪涌和图书馆内部设备产生的浪涌.共用接地系统与等电位联结、屏蔽、阻塞沿电源线或数据信号线引入过电压的四级防浪涌保护.是图书馆计算机网络机房防朗涌最佳措施.     

由MR阻尼器驱动的汽车悬架减振系统的半主动控制研究

设计了一种半主动力跟踪PI控制器，对由磁流液(MR)阻尼器作为悬架阻尼器的汽车模型进行控制分析．MR阻尼器的2种不同模型在闭环的汽车悬架控制系统模型中得到了应用．2种模型是基于均值阻尼力对速度(f-v)特性的均值F-v模型，和描述阻尼力非光滑滞环和饱和特性的滞环f-v模型．汽车模型用来研究力跟踪PI控制算法和MR阻尼器对车辆的振动抑制性能．仿真分析还指出了MR阻尼器的非线性，特别是滞环特性对汽车悬架系统的性能影响．结果表明所提出的控制方法对由MR阻尼器驱动的汽车悬架系统能产生很好的减振效果，不仅体现在对悬架弹簧支撑车厢的共振抑制和对驾乘人员舒适性敏感频域的振动抑制，还体现在对汽车轮胎共振频率周围的振动抑制．结果还进一步说明了MR阻尼器所存在的滞环特性对汽车悬架性能的不良影响．     

A Blast Shock Isolation System with MRFD and Its Semi-Active Control Analysis

To effectively reduce the damage to people and devices in civil defense engineering subjected to blast shock, a blast shock isolation system with magnetorheological fluid dampers （MRFD） is proposed. MRFD can provide continuously adjustable Coulomb friction and has many advantages for semi-active control. Numerical simulation of this isolation system is finished using Matlab simulink toolbox. General semi-active control algorithms are consided based on instantaneous optimal active control algorithm. And the results indicate that the shock isolation system can work efficiently, decreasing about 93% of the peak acceleration of the isolation floor.     

磁流变阻尼器的应用

磁流变流体与电流变流体一起被称为新兴的智能软物质，它具有液一固两相转换的可逆性、连续可控性和响应快速等高技术特征，在液压、振动制动、驱动密封等的主动和自适应控制中具有广阔的应用前景．本讨论了磁流变液的组成、性质，比较了磁流变液与电流变液的不同性质，介绍了磁流变阻尼器的工作模式及其应用．     

隔震技术在建筑结构中的应用和展望

从隔震和消能减震的角度,对目前土木工程领域结构控制技术进行了综合评述,首先对国内外现有的隔震技术进行了分类探讨;其次根据阻尼器的工作原理,对其进行了分别阐述;最后从我国实际情况出发,对今后隔震技术的研究、应用中需重点解决的问题提出了若干建议。     

浅谈钢琴演奏中延音踏板的运用

钢琴踏板是钢琴演奏中的一个重要组成部分，它的使用是钢琴弹奏方法中必不可少的内容，在具有键盘基本功的同时踏板的技巧越来越受到重视。它是力图钢琴演奏者表达声音色彩和效果完美的重要手段之一。     

球面网壳的粘滞阻尼器减震分析

网壳结构中引入将粘滞阻尼器,分别输入两种自然地震波和一种人工波,利用SAP2000有限元软件对双层球面网壳进行了减震分析。比较无阻尼器和装有阻尼器的网壳不同的动力响应。研究表明,粘滞阻尼器对网壳的减震效果明显,安装阻尼器是网壳的一种有效的减震措施。提出在双层球面网壳的上下弦最外圈环向杆件上安装粘滞阻尼器是一种有效的布置方式。并提出了一些有待进一步研究的课题。     

压路机变阻尼减振器的结构设计及仿真分析

针对振动压路机采用的橡胶减振装置存在阻尼不可调的问题,文章利用磁流变液具有快速相变和易于控制的特征,并结合压路机结构特性设计一种由磁流变和橡胶耦合而成的变阻尼减振器,通过力学计算与有限元仿真,对减振器结构设计进行校核与优化。仿真结果发现:经过结构优化的变阻尼减振器提高了控制磁场的利用率,从而提高磁流变橡胶耦合减振器的性能与品质。     

Wind-induced vibration control of long-span power transmission towers

We investigated wind-induced vibration control of long-span power transmission towers based on a case study of the Jingdongnan-Nanyang-Jingmen 1 000 kV transmission line project in P. R. China. The height of the cup tower is 181 m with a ground elevation of 47 m, which makes it a super flexible and wind-sensitive structure. Therefore, we should analyze the wind- resistant capacity of the system. We simulated applicable transverse fluctuating wind velocity field, developed a lead-rubber damper （LRD） for controlling wind-induced vibration of long-span transmission towers, deduced LRD calculation model parameter, and researched the best layout scheme and installation method of LRD. To calculate the wind-induced response of tower-line coupling system in seven layout schemes, we used the time history analysis method, and obtained the efficiencies of wind-induced vibration control. LRD deformation research proved that the damp of all LRDs was efficient under the designed wind velocity when they were laid along the edge of tower heads. We studied the controlling efficiency resulting fTom only applying stiffness to the tower polos where the dampers used to be laid under the designed wind velocity. The results show that the controlling efficiency was not ideal when the stiffness is increased on the poles only. Therefore, LRD should conlxibute to both the stiffness and damp of a structure to effectively reduce the dynamic response of a tower-line coupling system under strong winds. We also discussed the controlling efficiency of LRD under static winds. The results show that there was little difference between displacements derived by the finite clement time history method and those obtained by static wind method conducted by a design institute. This means the simulation on space relevant wind velocity field was accurate and reasonable.