A short German Physical-Self-Concept Questionnaire for elementary school children (PSCQ-C): Factorial validity and measurement invariance across gender

Research on children’s physical self-concept (PSC) is increasingly recognised as an important field of psychology. However, there is a lack of instruments suitable for younger children at elementary school age. In the present study, a short German 21-item Physical Self-Concept-Questionnaire for children (PSCQ-C) was tested measuring seven specific facets of elementary school children’s PSC (strength, endurance, speed, flexibility, coordination, physical appearance, global sport competence). A number of 770 elementary school children aged 8–12 years completed the PSCQ-C. Results showed good psychometric properties and high reliabilities of the seven scales. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the presumed 7-factor model fitted the data best compared to a global 1- and 2-factor model. Also, full measurement invariance was strongly established. Correlations among the seven scales were mainly moderate. Gender differences were suggestive of developmental trends that are consistent with prior studies. These results provide support that the PSCQ-C is a confidential instrument with sound psychometric properties measuring seven specific facets of elementary school children’s PSC.     

Three-Year Study of Students’ Attitudes Toward Physical Education: Grades 4–8

Purpose: A relationship exists between attitudes toward physical education and future physical activity. The purpose of this study was to examine changes in attitude toward physical education as students progressed from upper elementary school (Grade 4) through middle school (Grade 8). Method: Three cohorts of students (Cohort 1, Grades 4–6, n = 96; Cohort 2, Grades 5–7, n = 71; and Cohort 3, Grades 6–8, n = 73) were each followed for 3 years to examine changes in attitudes toward physical education. Results: After an initial increase from Grade 4 to Grade 5, a significant decrease was observed from Grades 5 to 8 in students’ positive attitudes toward physical education, with a faster rate of change for girls than boys. Conclusion: This longitudinal study provides further insights regarding the attitudes of students as they progress from Grade 4 to Grade 8 and expands on previous findings identifying decreasing positive attitudes toward physical education as students age, particularly for girls. The results provide evidence to support targeted interventions.     

学校体育场地设施对社会开放的安全风险规避研究

摘要：为科学预测和控制学校体育场地设施对社会开放的安全风险,运用文献资料法、访谈法、案例分析法、问卷调查法和数理统计法对学校体育场地设施对社会开放过程中出现的安全风险因素进行研究。基于90个开放案例的事故树分析,识别出开放过程中的物、人、制度和环境4大类,共30个安全风险因素;通过巴雷托分析法和风险矩阵分析法评估出运动场地、运动器材设施,锻炼者、管理者4类关键安全风险因素11个;针对关键安全风险因素,提出引入第三方管理,分时、分类、分阶段开放,与社区合作、加强社区居民的管理,多元主体协同供给体育指导、咨询服务等事前风险预防措施;引入开放风险保险制度,设立开放风险专项基金制度的事后风险转移措施。以期能解决学校体育场地设施对社会开放过程中面临的实际问题,推进学校体育场地设施资源共享,促进全民健身事业的发展。     

中学校园足球文化结构及认知差异研究

摘要：通过文献资料法、问卷调查法、专家访谈法、数理统计法等,从中学体育教师、学校领导角度出发对中学校园足球文化结构进行了理论假设与验证,同时调查了体育教师对中学校园足球文化结构的认知差异情况。结果表明：1）通过综述以往研究,提炼出了中学校园足球文化由政策解读、校本实际、自我能力、学生情况、地域文化、社会环境、足球核心价值7个维度构成,并得到了良好的验证。2）通过进行单因素方差分析发现：中学体育教师因为教龄、性别、任教地区、任教阶段的不同,对中学校园足球文化结构的认知存在一定的差异。立足于中学体育教师和学校领导展开的调查,旨在为中学校园足球文化的基本结构及内涵认识情况进行了解,中学的校园足球文化参与者有了清晰的认识,就能够在一定程度上引领学生参与和学习正确的足球运动,从而为中学校园足球文化的构建奠定一定的理论基础。通过对中学体育教师认识差异的原因进行科学的分析和讨论,积极探索当前社会背景下构建中学校园足球文化的方法和途径,为中学特色校园足球文化的可持续发展提供积极的理论基础,也为中学校园足球的开展提供积极的理论借鉴。     

实现武术教育从姿态存在到现实存在的蜕变*

研究运用文献资料、逻辑分析等研究方,剖析当前学校武术教育"名实分离"的问题,提出学校武术从姿态存在到现实存在蜕变的途径:(1)"闭锁式"到"开放式"的蜕变;(2)"传承式"到"创新式"的蜕变;(3)扎根本土传承胜过进军奥运.旨在通过在学校领域对武术的务实教育,让广大学生认识和感知中国传统文化——武术的精神实质.     

武术的文化解释

摘要：武术不仅是“术”,而且是显学和玄学的文化复合体,蕴藏着复杂而深奥的话语符号及精神意义。为了探骊武术文化的本真渊源与精神,对于武术及其高级阶段的内家拳进行研究,主要采用文献研究法,从文化形态学、文化人类学、宗教哲学和体育学等视角,运用格尔茨的文化“深描”理论,对其学术范式及认知图式进行文化阐释。研究认为,武术是生命科学所涉,武术文化是觉醒的文化;武术文化的原初属性,是其“观念—意义”、“武—道”的符号—结构—编码系统,更多地依赖道德直觉、本能体悟等符号解码系统;内家拳是武术的代表和精髓;道家修真文化和隐逸文化促成了内家拳的原初精神——返璞归真,内家拳进而传承和践行着道家、道教的精神和价值——悟道蓄德;以武入道是武术文化的终极意义。研究价值在于构建系统的武术文化深层分析体系,厘清内家拳丹道武学的机理,挖掘武术背后“道德直觉”的隐形文化式样,还原武术的原初文化精神和普世价值,促进国粹民粹的内化传承。     

欧洲早期滑雪运动发展社会动因及对我国的启示

摘要：成功申办2022年冬奥会以来,我国冰雪事业迎来重大发展契机,带动3亿人参与冰雪运动成为我国冬季运动发展的重要目标。采用文献资料法、历史分析法等研究方法,回顾欧洲早期滑雪运动发展的社会动因,是将滑雪运动置于整体社会发展环境中,对生产力、生产关系以及社会的需求等要素进行综合分析,其发展规律反映了生产力发展、精英引导、国家意志等因素的共同作用,体现了欧洲滑雪运动从贵族精英、健康观念形成向大众参与理念转变的发展历程。研究欧洲滑雪从少数人引领到大众参与的进程,将为我国滑雪运动大众化普及提供借鉴。分析认为：1）精英阶级对于滑雪运动的热情促成了滑雪俱乐部在欧洲的兴起,在满足休闲娱乐之余,有效地将滑雪运动与公民意识相结合,培养了社会大众对于资产阶级统治的认同感。2）军事滑雪运动的发展是滑雪运动实现精英阶级向大众推广的重要途径。一战前夕,各国滑雪部队建立,扩大了滑雪运动的参与范围,为国家军事滑雪人才奠定了基础。3）一战后,欧洲国家将滑雪运动引入学校课程体系。政府通过设置学校滑雪课程、降低滑雪价格、住宿、成本等方式鼓励青少年参与滑雪运动,打破了经济基础决定滑雪参与的局面,扩大了滑雪运动的参与群体。随着滑雪人数的增多,各国滑雪比赛逐渐增多推动了国际性滑雪组织建立,欧洲早期滑雪运动得以发展壮大。     

Notes to Contributors

ABSTRACT

Later eighteenth-century newspapers have been credited with shaping and reflecting readers' politics and growing sense of regional and national identity. However, historians have long ignored the role that newspaper proprietors played in the construction of those newspapers. Through a close study of one provincial proprietor, John Ware of Whitehaven, this article demonstrates that newspaper owners were shrewd operators in the public sphere. They were businessmen and women for whom the imagined community of readers was a real community of friends and business associates.     

Museums,schools and geographies of cultural value

This article explores a paradox and a possibility that have emerged from two pieces of policy-related research concerning educational use of museums within England. The paradox relates to the use of museums which, whilst widely perceived as rather elitist institutions, appear from a postcode analysis of school visits to museums to be visited by large numbers of schools located in areas of social deprivation. The present analysis further explores this paradox, drawing on revised postcode analysis and governmental indices of multiple deprivation and income deprivation affecting children. The analysis supports the contention that museums attracted visits from schools located in areas with some of the highest levels of deprivation, although it suggests that this result needs to be considered in relation to regional differences in areas of social deprivation, the location of museums and the differences between individual and area-based measures of deprivation. Attention is then drawn to the potential of considering museums through a geographical perspective, and specifically through Foucault's notions of primary, secondary and tertiary spatializations. It is argued that primary spatializations encompasses how museums are conceptualized and classified; secondary spatializations concern how various elements of museums are articulated together; and tertiary spatializations relate to the placement of museums in wider societal contexts and processes. It is suggested that the postcode analysis of school visits points both to the significance of considering tertiary spatializations relating to the social circumstances of museum visitors but also raised questions concerning primary spatializations of museums. Attention is drawn to changes in the classification and grouping of museums, and how these often encompass geographically based criteria related to the social reach of museums. The article ends by considering the degree to which museums might seek to further change their primary spatialization to reflect tertiary spatializations relating to cultural value.