Does elite success trigger mass participation in table tennis? An analysis of trickle-down effects in Germany,France and Austria

ABSTRACT

There is a widespread belief that success at the elite level leads to increasing mass participation in sports. However, this assumption is merely supported by empirical evidence and is analyzed here for the case of table tennis. Therefore long-term data (1964–2014) on participation in Germany, France and Austria is statistically tested for effects of success by the countries’ athletes at international competitions. Results indicate that no general trickle-down effect can be confirmed for table tennis in the countries observed. Rather, findings are ambivalent, as a strong positive effect was found for the Austrian case, but a paradox relation for the German case, where elite success has been accompanied by decreasing participation in the last decades. Accordingly, as an “automatic” trickle-down effect is unlikely, more specific analyses and strategies seem necessary to use elite success as a lever for the promotion of the sport.     

Acoustics of ping-pong: Vibroacoustic analysis of table tennis rackets and balls

ABSTRACT

The sound resulting from the impact of a table tennis racket and ball can influence a player’s perception of equipment quality in addition to providing clues to personal performance. This study explores the vibrational modes of both racket and ball and how those modes contribute to the impact sound. Experimental modal analysis reveals that the racket exhibits a large number of structural vibration modes typical of elliptical plates. Acoustic analysis reveals that two of those structural modes dominate the sound produced by the ball-paddle impact. The rubber padding provides some damping and a significant mass loading to the racket vibrations. The hollow cellulose nitrate balls exhibit vibrational modes typical of a hollow spherical shell, starting with frequencies around 5920 Hz. Experimental frequencies confirm theoretical and computational models. However, the contact time between racket and ball is long enough that the lowest acoustic modes of the ball do not contribute to the radiated sound. Instead, acoustic analysis suggests that the ball appears to radiate sound at a much higher frequency sound (8.5–12 kHz) most likely due to snap-through after buckling common to spherical shells undergoing deformation while impacting a rigid surface at high speeds.     

我国图书馆学研究主题分类表构建思路与初步框架

[目的/意义]通过尝试构建自建主题分类表,为开展图书馆学主题分类表研究提供一个评判的标靶,助力我国图书馆学主题分布研究视角的拓宽和研究内容的深入。[方法/过程]对1978-2015年我国图书馆学期刊论文、学位论文、专著、国家社会科学基金项目选题进行全面收集和分析,基于构建三要件形成主题分类表。[结果/结论]构建出含有9个一级主题、70个二级主题、26个三级主题的我国图书馆学主题分类表。未来将以该研究为基础,分析我国图书馆学研究主题的历史变迁,并依据主题发展不断更新和完善该表。     

论国家破产法律制度

国家破产法则是指由于主权国家负债过多而无力偿还或出现无力偿还的危险时,为了保护债务国和债权人的利益并促使债务国和债权人之间迅速和有序地达成平等的债务重组协议,以促进债务国经济复苏、防止债务危机扩大并最终解决债务危机的一种国际法律制度。国家破产主要有两种机制：契约机制和司法机制。主权债务的司法化是国家主权债务重组的发展方向。然而,短时间内要实现主权债务重组的司法化却阻力很大。     

全自动乒乓球供球器的设计

利用红外光传感器和较少的电子器件,设计了一种乒乓球全自动供球器.该供球器能够满足运动员连续用球的需要,一旦储球仓中的球被用尽,输运电机停转,并自动报警,以示服务人员向球仓内补充球源;当球仓内装入适量的球后,供球器便自动恢复向运动员自动供球的功能,既省去了一个传统方法中所需的专门向运动员递球的人员,又提高了训练效率;另附有练球数量自动记录、显示功能,亦可为教练员决定下步训练方案提供依据.所以,该全自动供球器有较强的应用前景.     

基于Dijkstra最短路径算法的优化研究

最短路径问题是图论研究中的一个重要课题.Dijkstra算法是许多工程解决最短路径问题的理论基础,有着广泛的应用.本文在分析传统Dijkstra算法的基础上,提出该算法在实现方法上存在的一些不足之处,并从节约存储空间和提高运算效率方面对其进行了改进,通过分析与比较,这种改进算法的效率优于传统的Dijkstra算法,具有较好的适用性.     

债权出资的理论困惑——以现行法秩序为背景

债权出资的合法性与可行性问题不仅仅是一个简单的价值判断问题,更是一个现行法秩序下的法律解释问题。基于资本在现行法中价值定位和债权与其他出资方式在根本属性上的差异,一般意义上的债权出资不符合现行法秩序的要求。“债转股”有其存在的合理性,但并非常态的债权出资形式。     

Vague决策表理论研究及其决策表的应用

决策系统中最为核心的问题是关于决策规则的获取问题.在有关学者的研究基础上,讨论了 Vague决策表中有关性质;此基础上提出一种新的决策规则--Vague决策规则,并将决策表应用于心电图分类识别,准确地对具体病例进行判断,取得了比较好的效果.     

寿险精算技术研究

随着保险业在我国的迅速发展,保险业的核心——精算技术发挥了越来越重要的作用。精算科学综合利用数学、经济学、数理统计学的知识对未来的不缺定性提出量化的意见。它是从人寿保险中发展而来的,如今已广泛运用于各个金融领域,如证券,银行等。论文系统叙述了寿险精算工作的全过程,同时涉及了精算技术在基金收益率的计算、债券定价等方面的应用。     

对天津市市区经营性乒乓球场所开展情况的调查与分析

采用文献资料法、问卷调查法、走访调查法与数据统计法对天津市市区经营性乒乓球场所开展情况进行调查研究。通过调查分析乒乓球市场的现状和存在问题提出对策，为天津市市区乒乓球市场的发展和全民健身计划的实施提供参考。