美国中小学教育惩戒措施及启示——以Loudoun县公立学校为例

美国公立学校学生校内行为规范的惩罚措施明确、具体,因而具有很强的操作性。我国现行的学生行为管理规章对于＂学生应该怎样做＂有相对具体的规定,但是对于＂违反了规范的学生如何进行处罚＂则缺少具体措施,造成了相关规范缺乏可操作性。可借鉴美国的惩戒措施,改进我国学生行为规范的不足。     

The inadequacy of individual educational program (IEP) goals for high school students with word-level reading difficulties

This investigation analyzed goals from the Individual Educational Programs (IEPs) of 54 high school students with diagnosed reading disabilities in basic skills (decoding and/or word identification). Results showed that for 73% of the students, the IEPs written when they were in high school failed to specify any objectives regarding their acute difficulties with basic skills. IEPs from earlier points in the students’ educations were also reviewed, as available. For 23 of the students, IEPs were present in the students’ files for three time points: elementary school (ES), middle school (MS), and high school (HS). Another 20 students from the sample of 54 had IEPs available for two time points (HS and either MS or ES). Comparisons with the IEPs from younger years showed a pattern of decline from ES to MS to HS in the percentage of IEPs that commented on or set goals pertaining to weaknesses in decoding. These findings suggest that basic skills deficits that persist into the upper grade levels are not being sufficiently targeted for remediation, and help explain why older students frequently fail to resolve their reading problems.     

Invented spelling: what is the best way to improve literacy skills in kindergarten?

Abstract

We examined the progress made by 132 six-year-old French-speaking children in their preliteracy skills during four kinds of interventions. Three of these interventions concerned invented spelling, where the children tried to spell words. In the first condition, they were encouraged to reflect on conventional spellings. In the second condition, they reflected on spellings that were slightly more complex than theirs, while in the third condition, they reflected on increasingly complex spellings that eventually led to the conventional spellings. The fourth condition (control) consisted of phonological training. We assessed the children’s phonological awareness, letter knowledge, spelling, and decoding skills, controlling for vocabulary and nonverbal cognitive ability. Posttest results indicated progress in each condition. The greatest progress was observed in the second condition for decoding, spelling, letter-name knowledge and syllable awareness, and in the control condition for phoneme awareness. Overall, results showed that all kinds of interventions led to very similar levels of progress, but that improvements were greater for interventions that focused on the children’s initial invented spellings - in other words, when they adopted a Vygotskian perspective.     

Pattern design on 3D triangular garment surfaces

This paper focuses on a pattern design method for a 3D triangular garment surface. Firstly, some definitions of 3D style lines are proposed for designing the boundaries of patterns as drawing straight lines or splines on the triangular surface. Additionally some commonly used style lines are automatically generated to enhance design efficiency. Secondly, after style lines are preprocessed, a searching method is presented for quickly obtaining the boundaries and patches of a pattern on the 3D trian- gular surface. Finally a new pattern design reuse method is introduced by encoding/decoding the style line information. After style lines are encoded, the pattern design information can be saved in a pattern template and when decoding this template on a new garment surface, it automates the pattern generation for made-to-measure apparel products.     

Unique-order interpolative coding for fast querying and space-efficient indexing in information retrieval systems

This paper presents a size reduction method for the inverted file, the most suitable indexing structure for an information retrieval system (IRS). We notice that in an inverted file the document identifiers for a given word are usually clustered. While this clustering property can be used in reducing the size of the inverted file, good compression as well as fast decompression must both be available. In this paper, we present a method that can facilitate coding and decoding processes for interpolative coding using recursion elimination and loop unwinding. We call this method the unique-order interpolative coding. It can calculate the lower and upper bounds of every document identifier for a binary code without using a recursive process, hence the decompression time can be greatly reduced. Moreover, it also can exploit document identifier clustering to compress the inverted file efficiently. Compared with the other well-known compression methods, our method provides fast decoding speed and excellent compression. This method can also be used to support a self-indexing strategy. Therefore our research work in this paper provides a feasible way to build a fast and space-economical IRS.     

国外信息资源管理学科布局的考察与启示——基于29所iCaucus院校的调研数据

[目的/意义]国外将信息资源管理作为一门独立学科进行建设的实践较早,对其学科建设实践进行考察,有助于为我国信息资源管理学科建设提供新视野。[方法/过程]采用网络调查法和内容分析法,对29所iCaucus院校的专业设置情况以及英国、美国、加拿大、澳大利亚以及德国等五个国家的学科目录设置情况进行调查。[结果/结论]发现国外信息资源管理类专业设置具有传统图书情报档案管理专业与新兴专业并存、回应行业发展需求、学科交叉色彩浓厚等特征,并结合我国学科发展的情况提出以下建议：保留图书馆学、情报学与档案学的二级学科地位;结合院校学科优势,建设“行业+信息”模式的新兴二级学科;以开放主动的心态,推动学科交叉融合。     

“双一流”背景下大学生“双创”人才培养工作机制探索

“双创”教育作为“双一流”建设人才培养的关键环节,对于提升高校人才培养质量、提升高校国内和国际地位、建设“双一流”高校具有理论指导和实践意义。本文分析了我国目前创新创业发展及普通高校“双创”教育发展现状,提出了建立符合学科特色的“双创”教育人才培养体系、开展“群众型”与“精英型”两个层次的“双创”活动、坚持研究型与应用型并重模式的人才培养工作机制。     

从学科到学科群:知识分类体系和知识政策的视角

我国大学学科建设的重要性虽然已为大学举办者和管理者所认识,并采取了改革措施,但由于没有找到学科建设困境的真正原因——知识政策和知识分类,改革成效并不显著。知识分类体系已经具有了教育学意义,知识政策是学科分类体系的制度化体现,知识政策是造成大学学科发展困境的主要因素。知识分类体系下的知识生产模式已不能满足现代知识生产的要求,因此出现了交叉学科、新兴学科等知识生产模式。知识政策应体现知识分类这一现状并使之制度化;大学为实现三大功能,需要进行一种合目的性的学科群建设,以学科群组织人才培养模式。     

论世界一流学科建设的战略起点

一流学科是世界一流大学的核心。我国高水平大学应根据科技发展态势与国家战略发展需要,吸取世界一流大学成功的经验,以大项目为建设世界一流学科的战略起点,合理配置资源,创新学科管理机制,加快世界一流大学建设进程。     

我国高等教育大众化实施特点及影响研究——专业及招生的视角

我国高等教育大众化的实施有三个鲜明的特点:以普通本科院校为主体;依靠专业点的增设而不是专业种数的增加和倚重人文社会科学类专业的发展来实现大众化。在这一过程中,各高校主要通过新增大量专业来消化学生,由于新设专业以招生数大的社会热门专业为主,导致高校专业设置趋同化,办学特色不明显。地方院校在基础薄弱的情况下,无法及时巩固新设专业,出现了专业招生大起大落或新设专业迅速停招等不稳定现象。明确这些,对于把握我国高等教育的未来发展有着十分积极的意义。