复杂动结式的语义和句法分析

复杂动结式“NP1 VP1 得 NP2 VP2”句式中NP1为客体致使者,且VP2指向NP2的句式可分为A、B、C三类,其中C类有歧义。三类句子中VP1的语义特征和VP2、NP2的语义特点各不相同,这也导致了C类句容易产生歧义。通过讨论三类句子的句法形成过程,发现表层结构相同的A、B两类句子有着不同的底层结构,而C类句式的歧义就是来自于兼有两种不同的底层结构。     

适应性完美主义、自主动机对青少年锻炼坚持性的影响:父母自主支持的调节效应

目的考察适应性完美主义、自主动机对青少年锻炼坚持性的综合影响,检验父母自主支持的调节效应。方法修订父母社会背景调查问卷(家长报告)的自主支持分量表、中文Frost多维度完美主义问卷的个人标准和条理性分量表、因果控制点知觉量表和青少年户外运动坚持性量表,对2230名12~18岁青少年及其家长进行调查,分析适应性完美主义对青少年锻炼坚持性的间接影响。结果父母自主支持、青少年的适应性完美主义和自主动机对锻炼坚持性正向影响皆显著,分别解释了3.7%、30.3%和38.3%的变异;在适应性完美主义与青少年锻炼坚持性的影响链条上,自主动机的中介效应、父母自主支持的中介调节效应、性别的调节中介效应皆显著,三者共同的间接效应值为0.426,占总效应的77.45%。结论适应性完美主义既能直接影响青少年的锻炼坚持性,又能通过自主动机的中介而间接作用于锻炼坚持性;父母对青少年体育锻炼的自主支持能够对青少年的适应性完美主义和锻炼自主动机产生积极的调节作用;相较于女性青少年,男性青少年的锻炼自主动机更强烈、锻炼亦更具坚持性。     

职业体育赛事球迷观赛动机的国外研究综述

职业体育中高度变化的商业环境凸显了在管理、营销和服务等领域研究消费者动机的重要性。国外学者对球迷观赛动机进行了深入的研究,并取得了很多有价值的研究成果。本文从球迷观赛动机的3个组成构面:球迷忠诚度、球迷内在动机和球迷外在动机,分析动机因素对职业体育赛事消费的影响;基于对国外现有研究的梳理和述评,本文进一步解析上述研究成果对我国职业体育的管理体制、运行机制、塑造品牌、观众服务等方面的可应用性,并提出学术研究方向上的新建议。     

体育专业大学生课堂学习体验与反思

运用文献资料法、调查法、访谈法和统计法等,对体育专业大学生课堂学习体验进行调查分析。结果显示,较非体育生,体育生专业认同感较强,学校认同感较高,学习目标设置比例较高而计划实施水平不高,体育生与非体育生均以外生学习动机为主,学习投入水平不高且学习问题较多;对于当前的教学形式与方法、教学内容、教师、作业、成绩评价和奖学金评定也都有新的要求。提出,课堂教学需在内容、方法、形式上进行改革,增强教学的互动性,教学内容尽量满足学生求知需求,教师要多关心关注学生,布置作业要兼顾难度和趣味性,注重教师魅力塑造,建立形成性学习评价为主的成绩评价体系及多元化的奖学金评定体系,为推动大学体育专业教学改革提供参考。     

学分制管理模式对学生学习动机行为的影响

学分制的实施,为高校管理体制注入了新的活力和生机。在实行学分制模式的趋势下学生的主体作用得到了进一步的发挥,而学习动机对学生的学习活动和行为起着定向和驱动力的作用。本文对近年来学生的学习动机进行了问卷调查分析,探讨教学管理模式的变化对学生的学习动机所产生的影响。     

The role of task and ego-oriented climate in explaining students’ bright and dark motivational experiences in Physical Education

Background: A distinction is made in Achievement Goal Theory (AGT) between task-oriented (i.e. effort, intra-individual progress, and self-comparison) and ego-oriented (i.e. inter-individual progress and normative comparison) climates. Combining insights from AGT and Self-Determination Theory (SDT), studies in the PE context have shown that a task-oriented climate positively relates to need satisfaction, although the findings regarding the motivating role of an ego-oriented climate are inconsistent. Moreover, little is known about the role of task- or ego-oriented climates in explaining experiences of basic psychological need frustration.

Purpose: Grounded in AGT and SDT, the aim of the present study was to examine if experiences of basic psychological need satisfaction and need frustration can explain why task- and ego-oriented climates elicit positive and negative motivational outcomes in PE, respectively.

Research design: Cross-sectional study.

Method: A sample of 524 secondary school students (51.1% boys, M_age?=?14.51; SD?=?1.81) from five different secondary schools participated in this study. Students reported on their perceptions of task- and ego-oriented climates, motivational regulations, basic psychological need satisfaction, and need frustration, as well as positive and negative outcomes in PE. Structural equation modeling was used to investigate our objective.

Results: We found that a task-oriented climate had a strong and positive relationship with basic psychological need satisfaction, eliciting a bright pathway to autonomous motivation and affective attitude. An ego-oriented climate was positively related to basic psychological need frustration, eliciting a dark pathway to amotivation and boredom. A negative cross-path from task-oriented climate to basic psychological need frustration was also found, while no significant cross-paths were found from ego-oriented climate to basic psychological need satisfaction.

Conclusions: This study provides a better understanding of the mechanisms that explain why task- and ego-oriented climates shape students’ motivational experiences in PE lessons. It is suggested that a task-oriented climate elicits a bright pathway towards more optimal functioning, because it fosters experiences of need satisfaction and buffers against experiences of need frustration. In contrast, an ego-oriented climate is primarily positively related to feelings of need frustration and negative motivational outcomes. Practical implications for PE teacher training are discussed.     

Virtual-reality exergaming improves performance during high-intensity interval training

Purpose: To determine if: (i) mean power output and enjoyment of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) are enhanced by virtual-reality (VR)-exergaming (track mode) compared to standard ergometry (blank mode), (ii) if mean power output of HIIT can be increased by allowing participants to race against their own performance (ghost mode) or by increasing the resistance (hard mode), without compromising exercise enjoyment.

Methods: Sixteen participants (8 males, 8 females, VO₂max: 41.2?±?10.8 ml^?1·kg^?1·min^?1) completed four VR-HIIT conditions in a partially-randomised cross-over study; (1a) blank, (1b) track, (2a) ghost, and (2b) hard. VR-HIIT sessions consisted of eight 60 s high-intensity intervals at a resistance equivalent to 70% (77% for hard) maximum power output (P_MAX), interspersed by 60 s recovery intervals at 12.5% P_MAX, at a self-selected cadence. Expired gases were collected and VO₂ measured continuously. Post-exercise questionnaires were administered to identify differences in indices related to intrinsic motivation, subjective vitality, and future exercise intentions.

Results: Enjoyment was higher for track vs. blank (difference: 0.9; 95% CI: 0.6, 1.3) with no other differences between conditions. There was no difference in mean power output for track vs. blank, however it was higher for track vs. ghost (difference: 5 Watts; CI: 3, 7), and hard vs. ghost (difference: 19 Watts; 95% CI: 15, 23).

Conclusions: These findings demonstrate that VR-exergaming is an effective intervention to increase enjoyment during a single bout of HIIT in untrained individuals. The presence of a ghost may be an effective method to increase exercise intensity of VR-HIIT.     

基于多状态跳转模型的场景独立音频事件检测方法

针对不同类型事件设计多状态跳转模型,结合两种深度神经网络实现对传统音频事件检测框架的改进。实验表明,在DCASE2017任务2的开发集数据上,改进后的DNN-HMM系统相比于基线系统取得F值8.9%的相对提升和错误率19%的绝对下降;基于多状态跳转模型聚类的卷积神经网络模型（SC-CNN）,相比于基线系统取得F值18%的相对提升和错误率30%的绝对下降。     

桂林入境旅游者消费结构及相关行为因素分析

1973年5月,桂林市经国务院批准正式对外开放,成为我国最早接待外国游客的城市之一。经过三十多年的发展,桂林现在已成为一座国际性的旅游城市。通过相关统计数据,对桂林入境旅游者消费结构进行了分析,并从旅游者个性特征、旅游动机两方面对桂林入境旅游者消费行为因素进行了简单的讨论,认为可通过加大桂林娱乐、购物设施的建设,促进非基本旅游消费的发展,使桂林旅游消费结构日趋合理。     

基于创业板上市动机的专利质量研究

[目的/意义]创新性是创业板企业的根本属性之一,专利能够较好地向外界传递企业创新情报信号。研究上市前发行人专利申请行为对提升专利质量和完善创业板专利披露制度具有较大的现实意义。[方法/过程]使用合享价值度作为专利质量的代理变量,运用OLS回归方法,以我国创业板2009-2018年间上市公司专利数据为样本,对创业板上市前的专利质量进行分组实证检验。[结果/结论]研究表明,创业板企业上市前专利质量明显下降,在没有产业政策支持、市场化程度较低以及同年上市公司数量较少情况下,专利质量降低幅度更为显著。