对外汉语学习动机的研究进展

当前我国的对外汉语教育与教学研究方兴未艾。在语言学习动机的结构分析方面,加拿大学者Gardner的融入型动机与工具型动机的划分最具影响力,而国内学者对于汉语学习动机的结构划分偏重因素分析而缺乏理论建构。为了测量汉语学习动机,有的学者改编了国外的经典工具,有的学者自行开发一些测量工具,但其信度与效度没有很好的保证。今后的研究应重视汉语学习动机的理论建构并开发更加有效的测量工具。     

沉郁与雄放——苏舜钦古体诗风格论

苏舜钦古诗内容丰富,涵盖了他诗歌的所有题材。五言古诗主要艺术风格是沉郁,另外有一些诗古朴情深,有古诗风味。七言古诗虽存诗较少,但却最能体现其个性,主要风格是雄豪奔放。因欧阳修称赏,雄豪奔放成为苏舜钦最有代表性的风格,在后世产生深远影响。     

高校教师工作满意度的现状调查分析

研究以高校教师为对象,通过问卷法随机抽取了南京五所不同类型高校,对其教师工作满意度进行了调查。结果表明:高校教师对人际关系、环境条件方面相对满意,而对工作报酬、政策措施等相关方面不太满意。通过调查归纳出我国高校教师工作满意度的特点和变化趋势,提出了提高高校教师满意度的对策,以供高校行政管理进行决策和管理参考。     

Falling in love and staying in love with science: ongoing informal science experiences support fascination for all children

ABSTRACT

Ages 10–14 mark a period in which children develop a strong sense of whether science is ‘for them,’ a time that typically coincides with the start of middle school in the United States and their first exposure to more rigorous science classes and testing. Experiences with science in and out of school can shape children's motivation to choose science careers or participate in voluntary science classes later on, for better or worse. We explore the hypothesis that children who engage in more informal educational science experiences at the start of this period are more likely than their peers to obtain and maintain interest, curiosity, and mastery goals in science (together forming a construct called fascination). We measured 983 children's fascination with science at the beginning and middle of sixth grade. We found that the children who participated in informal science during this time were more likely to maintain or have greater fascination than at the start. These findings held while also controlling for many potentially confounding covariates and are robust across subgroups by gender and race/ethnicity. Further, the effects are largest for those children whose family generally supports their learning.     

The great neoliberal hijack of collaboration: a critical history of group-based learning in tertiary education

ABSTRACT

This article examines the teaching of collaboration within tertiary education, critiquing the hegemony of a neoliberal mandate. This review of academic literature first identifies the significance of social capital and an intrinsic motivation to collaborate, to theorize how an important and complex graduate attribute (termed here ‘collaborative dexterity’) might be approached by pedagogy. This leads into a historical analysis of research into higher education, revealing how the instrumentalization of collaboration to enhance the private advantage of learners continues to pervade academia’s understanding of collaboration. As higher education transitioned from learning ‘through’ collaboration to learning ‘to’ collaborate, extrinsic motivations for collaboration were promoted further through assessment procedures, maintaining a narrow economic-exchange approach to collaboration. These educational practices inhibit the development of collaborative dispositions, foster self-interest and ultimately limit graduates’ preparation for the needs of collaborative work environments. Moreover, while educational scholarship has extensively explored why collaboration is important and how it may be assessed, much less consideration has been given to how collaboration might actually be taught within diverse disciplinary areas in tertiary education. This suggests an urgent need for further research into how collaboration is taught within tertiary education, in ways that extend beyond a neoliberal conceptualization of collaboration.     

Karasek工作压力扩展模型的实证研究

针对Karasek工作压力模型发展中的问题,采用规范的实证研究方法,运用验证性因子分析和层次回归技术对357份有效数据进行分析。结果显示:Karasek原始模型所提出的转化机制在扩展模型中没有出现;且在复杂工作条件下,工作激励机制出现不兼容现象,以工作控制为代表的内在激励机制与以工作社会支持为代表的外在激励机制不能同时起效。     

基于TAM的百度百科用户参与意向的影响因素研究

基于TAM的模型框架和相关文献,运用结构方程方法,探查了百度百科用户参与意向的影响因素。结果表明:兴趣动机和态度直接影响参与意向;求知动机、互惠动机和易用性感知通过其他变量间接影响参与意向;有用性感知既直接影响参与意向,又通过其他变量间接影响参与意向。各因素按对参与意向的总影响程度从大到小排序为兴趣动机、有用性感知、易用性感知、求知动机、态度和互惠动机。     

Computer-based knowledge of results feedback in different delivery modes: Effects on performance,motivation, and achievement emotions

Immediate Knowledge of Results (KR) feedback at the task level may motivate test takers by showing that their answers matter. Appealing feedback cues may help to prevent negative emotions in lower performers who receive a higher amount of negative feedback. In this experiment, we varied the presence of KR feedback and the feedback delivery mode in a 1 × 5 between-subjects design (i.e., no feedback vs. text, color, sound, or animation feedback) to investigate effects on learning outcomes and affective-motivational measures. Our sample included 661 fifth and sixth graders who solved two computer-based multiple-choice science tests. First, students worked on an 18-item treatment test (with experimental feedback manipulation). Students repeatedly rated their effort, enjoyment, pride, and boredom during the test, as well as their expectancy of success and attainment value after the test. Subsequently, they worked on a posttest (without feedback) that assessed recall and near-transfer learning. All KR feedback conditions significantly increased recall, but there was no evidence for near-transfer learning. Feedback had a significant, negative effect on attainment value, whereas significant interactions between the feedback conditions and students’ treatment performance revealed that feedback effects on several affective-motivational dimensions (i.e., expectancy of success, enjoyment, pride, and boredom) were performance-dependent. Feedback benefited higher performers’ motivation and affect but showed negative effects on some affective-motivational measures for lower performers. The pattern of results indicated that color/sound/animation feedback may have reduced the effect of performance on emotional feedback perception to some extent. However, none of the feedback conditions improved affective-motivational outcomes independent of students’ performance.     

Fostering Learner Autonomy by Strengthening Learners’ Motivation

This paper aims to discus some practical ways to develop the learners’autonomous English learning abilities.After analyzed the motivation problems,the author strengthened learners’motivation through classroom teaching successfully by building good social relations,promoting negotiation,promoting interaction in the classroom and setting up adequate evaluation systems,etc.The author finds that using the content of regular college classroom teaching as a meaningful context for the development of responsibility can enhance the learning effect.The teacher’s guiding role in autonomous learning should never be ignored.Developing autonomous English learning in vocational colleges in China is our long-term pedagogical goal.     

基于深度学习的高光谱图像多标签分类算法

提出一种基于深度学习的高光谱图像多标签分类算法。采用深度学习算法中的堆叠降噪自动编码器方法对每个像素的深层特征进行抽取,该方法可以有效表现高维特征空间中的非线性混合像素。使用多标签逻辑回归方法为每个像素预测并分配多个类标签。通过对合成数据和实际高光谱数据的大量对比实验,实验结果表明:该算法能够有效地为高光谱图像的像素精确地分配多类标签。