Balancing knowing and not-knowing: an exploration of doctoral candidates’ performance of researcher selves in the dissertation defence

This paper explores how 11 Canadian doctoral candidates performed as researchers in the final doctoral oral examination in handling questions that they identified as ‘difficult to answer’. Drawing from communities of practice theory, the study views the defence as an examination in which a novice researcher (the doctoral candidate) demonstrates knowing to a group of experienced researchers (the defence committee) in order to be approved of the membership of a scholarly community. The doctoral candidate’s researcher identity is considered as composed of three aspects: thinking about oneself as, performing as and being thought of as a researcher. It was found that many (41%) of the questions were difficult because of the questioners’ different perspectives on the dissertation; in answering them, the candidates balanced knowing and not-knowing by navigating across research areas/fields, methodological and epistemological borders. All the defences were successful, which indicate that these candidates were all thought of as competent researchers; yet, only those who thought about themselves as novice researchers felt satisfied with their performance.     

产业集群学习机制多层解析

本文在产业集群内部学习流程分析的基础上，提出了集群学习机制的三层次分析框架，并分别对这三层次流程的学习机制进行了具体分析，并结合实证调查，对我国产业集群内部的学习机制从人员流动、技术知识溢出、管理信息溢出、设备转移四个方面作了深入分析，揭示了我国产业集群学习机制的具体特点。     

美、日两国巨灾损失分担机制对我国的启示

面对自然灾害,各国对巨灾损失分担机制的设计存在明显的不同,从而形成不同的结果.美、日两国在巨灾损失分担机制方面具有丰富的经验,巨灾的损失也得到了很好的弥补.他山之石,可以攻玉,本文重点对两国在自然灾害,尤其是在农业和地震灾害方面的经验进行分析,揭示其共性和成功经验,从而对我国的巨灾损失机制的设计以及相关政策建议的提出提供有益的思路.     

朱元璋的边防思想及其对明代边防的影响

作为开国皇帝，明太祖朱元璋的边防思想对明代边防产生了重大的影响。他所提出的“守备为本”的边防方针、屯田练兵的边防保障措施，成为明代边防的传统国策，他所设计和规划的边防方略使明代边防形成攻守兼备的防御体系。     

亚太地区基础教育PPP的运行机制探析

在当前的基础教育服务经营中,非政府组织经营者发挥着不可低估的作用,成为扩大受教育机会和提高教育质量的一项重要资源.在亚太地区的众多国家里,各种不同的非政府经营者都可以满足教育的需要.但成功的公私合作伙伴关系(PPP)需要精心设计和认真执行.因此政府应当转变角色,出台授权性的政策架构,扶持私营部门成长壮大,推动PPP项目提高教育服务的质量,最终实现全民教育的目标.     

浙江省示范高职院校特色定位与发展经验研究（上篇）

浙江省率先提出＂打造高职教育强省＂的发展战略,一批省级示范院校以＂服务经济、转型升级＂为重点全面开展院校建设。省级示范院校为了更好地服务产业行业和地方经济发展,创建＂四位一体＂、服务＂三农＂、服务地方制造业等多种办学模式,创新校地校企＂三层对接＂、与大型集团联姻、企业化办学、集团化办学、校企共同体办学等多种体制机制,形成＂2＋1＂、＂周月季＂、＂1＋2＂、＂三三制＂、＂国际化合作＂等多种工学结合人才培养模式。     

控制机制、组织双元与组织创造力的关系研究

基于动态能力理论,借鉴"投入-过程-产出"范式,本文构建了"组织控制--组织双元--组织创造力"的概念模型,分析了三者之间的作用关系。运用283份有效问卷,对所提出的研究假设进行了验证。研究结果表明,组织双元的联合对于组织创造力的提升具有积极的促进作用,在资源有限的条件下,过分强调组织的双元学习平衡反而不利于组织创造力的发展;结果控制和过程控制不仅对组织创造力具有直接的正向影响,而且会通过组织双元平衡和双元联合对组织创造力产生不同的影响。研究结论对于指导我国中小企业的创造战略实施具有一定的实践意义。     

Preparing doctoral candidates for the viva: issues for students and supervisors

The PhD viva has been described as mysterious (Burnham 1994 Burnham, P. 1994. Surviving the doctoral viva: Unravelling the mystery of the Ph.D. oral. Journal of Graduate Education, 1: 30–34.  [Google Scholar]; Morley et al. 2002 Morley, L., Leonard, D. and David, M. 2002. Variations in vivas: Quality and equality in British PhD assessments. Studies in Higher Education, 27(3): 263–273. [Taylor & Francis Online], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]), unpredictable (Rugg & Petre 2004 Rugg, G. and Petre, M. 2004. The unwritten rules of PhD research, Maidenhead: Open University Press.  [Google Scholar]) and potentially frightening for students (Delamont et al. 2004 Delamont, S., Atkinson, P. and Parry, O. 2004. Supervising the doctorate: A guide to success, Maidenhead: Open University Press.  [Google Scholar]), with its form and duration a function of the predilections of individual examiners as well as a function of differences across disciplines. Despite its myriad manifestations, the PhD viva voce (live voice), as oral examination of the doctoral thesis, constitutes the final ‘test’ of the PhD endeavour. In the UK, this is a private event, though in some countries such as Belgium and the Netherlands, for example, the viva is conducted in a public arena (Delamont et al. 2004 Delamont, S., Atkinson, P. and Parry, O. 2004. Supervising the doctorate: A guide to success, Maidenhead: Open University Press.  [Google Scholar]). Although there is no standard or prescribed format, students across all disciplines can expect to defend their thesis through a process involving questioning, clarification and discussion of key elements. This critical commentary discusses a number of issues that inform the preparation of students, focusing on the role of the internal and external examiner, the viva voce process, guidance for students and some practical suggestions for supervisors and students, particularly the value of full role-play in building students’ confidence. The extent to which the doctoral viva, in its current ‘secret’ form, can be seen as a fully accountable and independently rigorous process is taken up in the conclusion that highlights the phenomenon of ‘cosy’ reciprocal examining arrangements, the spectre of litigation when things go wrong and the need to consider a fundamental review of both the purpose and conduct of the viva.     

G20机制化的原因探析

在应对金融危机与经济衰退的过程中,G20从“财政部长及中央银行行长会议”升级为首脑峰会,在匹兹堡峰会上迈出了机制化的第一步。G20机制化原因,从国际体系层面看,是由于国际关系行为体之间相互依赖加强造成的决策不自主;从国际格局视角看,起因于世界政治多极化进程深入发展;从国际秩序角度看,是世界进入多元文明国家竞争与合作的时代的结果。在当前全球治理机制改革步履维艰之时,中国应积极推动G20机制化不断完善。     

藏族习惯法在藏区草山纠纷解决中的作用与困境

藏区草山纠纷的解决方式中存在着各种法律资源、文化传统和知识体系的博弈争斗的流动场域,同时也是各种纠纷解决方式和制度进行博弈争斗的过程。对于藏区草山纠纷的解决,任何纠纷解决方式都是既有优点又有缺点的,它们分别代表了不同的文化传统和知识体系,有自己的适用空间和发挥作用的社会基础。针对实际,解决问题的出路在于实现各种解决纠纷方式的相互协调和分工合作,从而形成有效的多元化纠纷解决的运行机制。