Examining the influence of grip type on wrist and club head kinematics during the golf swing: Benefits of a local co-ordinate system

Wrist movements have been identified as an important factor in producing a successful golf swing, with their complex motion influencing both club head velocity and orientation. However, a detailed analysis of wrist angles is lacking in the literature. The purpose of this study was to determine kinematics across wrists and club head characteristics during the golf swing under weak, neutral and strong grip conditions. Twelve professional male golfers executed 24 shots using a driver under three grip conditions. A six degrees of freedom analysis of the hand with respect to the distal forearm was performed using a 10-camera three-dimensional motion capture system. Differences in joint angles were explored using repeated measures ANOVAs at key swing events (onset, top of backswing and impact), in addition club head velocity and clubface angle at impact were also explored. Main findings revealed significant differences in flexion/extension and internal/external rotation for both wrists at all swing events, whereas fewer significant interactions were found in ulnar/radial deviation across grips for both wrists at all events. Clubface angle only differed significantly between the weak and the strong and neural grips, presenting a more ‘open’ clubface to the intended hitting direction. This study is the first to explore tri-planar wrist movement and the effect of different grips, such analysis has implications for coaching knowledge and practice and should inform future research into different aspects of skill, technique analysis and may inform injury mechanisms/prevention.     

中日经济周期协动性的贸易传导效应实证分析

分析双边贸易强度、产业结构相似度、出口结构相似度和产业内贸易指数与经济周期协动性的相关性,利用1990-2011年的季度数据建立OLS与3SLS模型对比分析中日经济周期协动性的贸易传递效应,研究结果表明：双边贸易强度、产业结构相似度、出口结构相似度以及产业内贸易与经济周期协动性是正相关的;在经济周期协动性的贸易传导因素中,产业结构相似度对经济周期协动性的影响系数最小,出口结构、产业内贸易相似度对经济周期协动性的影响较大.     

利用语义约束实现用户个性化的服务组合算法

为了提高服务组合的质量和效率,提出了一种基于语义约束的服务组合算法.算法中,首先利用2层语义匹配算法对用户需求和服务库中的服务进行比较,利用用户约束性个性化需求对符合匹配的服务进行筛选,从而在第一时间缩小了服务组合算法执行过程中服务的搜索空间,然后对候选的服务组合组件进行用户趋向性个性化需求计算,选择其中最符合用户个性化需求的服务构成最终的服务组合.通过仿真实验证明,该算法有效提高了服务组合算法的运行效率,并且保证了用户的个性化需求得到最大满足.     

增程式混合动力集装箱龙门起重机能量智能控制策略

针对集装箱龙门起重机的具体工况需求和特点,构建一种适用于集装箱龙门起重机的增程式混合动力系统,提出并分析该动力系统的能量智能控制策略,设计相应的智能控制模型.通过以动力电池组的荷电状态（State Of Charge, SOC）和集装箱龙门起重机运行能量需求为模糊输入,以动力电池组的充电功率为模糊输出,实现了对增程式混合动力系统的智能控制.仿真结果验证了该控制策略和控制模型的可行性和有效性.     

用经验模式分解和重标极差分析法进行摩擦振动信号分析

为提取和表征摩擦振动的特征信号,在摩擦磨损试验机上进行以船用柴油机缸套和活塞环为材质的摩擦副摩擦磨损试验.应用经验模式分解(Empirical Mode Decomposition, EMD)对非线性、非平稳的摩擦振动信号进行分解,获得若干个本征模式函数(Intrinsic Mode Function, IMF).从中选择反映摩擦振动特征的IMF重新合成摩擦振动特征信号,应用重标极差分析法对摩擦振动特征信号进行分析,得到线性回归谱和Hurst指数.结果表明,EMD能够实现摩擦振动特征信号的提取,重标极差分析法可以分析摩擦振动信号的渐变过程,提取摩擦振动信号的特征.该方法可为基于摩擦振动信号的机械摩擦副摩擦磨损行为的研究提供新的途径.     

单源三站外辐射源雷达目标探测性能

论述全向外辐射源雷达空中目标探测系统的主要问题及系统体制损失。针对单源单站（SISO）和单源三站（SITO）两种工作方式,在接收天线阵元数相同的情况下分析探测距离和定位精度。在单源三站条件下推导直角坐标系中的目标速度矢量表达式,并分析速度测量精度。研究结果表明,在一定条件下,单源三站组网方式的空间覆盖范围与单源单站相当,且具有平面定位精度较高,可获得目标速度矢量和技术实现难度小的特点。     

Initial Communication with and Attitudes toward International Students: Testing the Mediating Effects of Friendship Formation Variables

From the theoretical perspectives of intergroup contact, predicted outcome value (POV), and similarity-attraction, this study examined U.S. host nationals’ (N = 342) communicative behaviours in a recent initial encounter with an international student and attitudes toward the student’s cultural group as a whole. Testing of two models indicated the significant sequential mediator effects of perceived similarity-social attraction and POV-social attraction between communication variables (e.g. amount of communication exchange in both models, self-disclosure in model 1, and information seeking in model 2), and intergroup attitudes (e.g. behavioural attitudes). Findings in general demonstrated that contact effects in the intercultural context varied according to specific measures of communication, the mediating mechanisms, and intergroup attitudes.     

基于句子匹配的文章自写度测评系统

针对人工进行不同文章中相同内容的判断存在着较大困难的局面，提出一个基于句子匹配的文章自写度测评系统。设计基于句子匹配的文章自写度测评系统的系统结构，论述句子分析器、句子匹配器与文章自写度评价器3个关键模块的详细流程，并设计相应算法。选取小规模数据进行实验，实验结果表明，基于句子匹配的文章自写度测评系统从技术上完全可行。最后分析基于句子匹配的文章自写度测评系统的难点及问题。     

基于句子相似度的文档复制检测算法研究

提出一种基于句子相似度的文档复制检测技术，在抓住文档的全局特征的同时又兼顾文档的结构信息，克服以往检测算法两者不可兼顾的缺陷，提高检测精度。最后，给出该算法与其他算法检测结果的比较情况。实验证明，该算法是可行的。     

世界优秀男子短距离自由泳运动员参加第27届奥运会技、战术分析

通过对第27届奥运会游泳比赛男子短距离自由泳前8名运动员技、战术的数理统计研究发现,男子短距离自由泳技术结构发生较大变化,划频有较大幅度提高,划幅有所缩短.霍根班德在100m自由泳比赛中运用"后发制胜”的战术,能较好地控制前、后程节奏与速度,发挥了最佳竞技状态,创造了该项目的世界纪录.克里姆运用"先发制人”的战术,从比赛一开始就以超出所有对手的速度领先游进,并在全程中始终保持这种优势,表现出强劲的潜在能力.