CEO过度自信、董事会特征和企业创新绩效的关系研究——来自中国A股制造业上市公司的经验证据

根据资源基础理论和代理理论,从创新投入,未控制投入的创新产出和控制投入的创新产出三个层面研究企业创新绩效,分析CEO过度自信对三个层面创新绩效的影响,以及董事会特征在上述关系中起到的调节作用。利用2007~2015年中国A股所有制造业上市公司的数据进行实证分析,结果表明,CEO过度自信与企业创新绩效之间具有正相关关系;董事会规模和CEO两职兼任增强了上述正相关关系;独立董事占比削弱了上述正相关关系;董事会流动性增强了CEO过度自信与企业创新投入之间的正相关关系。     

School board decision-making and the elimination of sport participation fees

Public schools in the US are increasingly charging ‘pay-to-play’ fees for participating in sports. Although these fees can cause reductions in participation, particularly for children from lower-income families, pay-to-play has become a legitimate practice within the field of public education. This study examines what leads some school districts to abandon sport participation fees, despite the trend in adoption. In particular, using a qualitative, case study approach, we investigate why and how school districts eliminate pay-to-play. We found that the decision to terminate pay-to-play in the ‘Ellis’ district was shaped by the community culture and district leadership. Our findings are supported by data on surrounding school districts. This study contributes to the literatures on institutional change; privatization of health, sport and physical education; and school board decision-making. The findings also shed light on the local context of pay-to-play—a policy that has implications for social equity and youth health and wellness.     

基于文献计量学的期刊编委遴选方法

针对科技期刊编委会成员产生方式主观性较强、编委作用发挥不充分等问题,提出一种基于文献计量学的期刊编委遴选方法.从专家学术影响力、学术活跃度和编委贡献度3个维度选取H指数、前3年年均发表文章数、本刊投稿数、审稿数等4个指标进行统计分析,以《中国舰船研究》编委会换届为例给出了计量结果.结果表明,该方法可遴选出学术影响力较高、符合期刊发展预期的编委,尤其是遴选出处于学术研究上升期的中青年编委.     

Curriculum of gross anatomy education in Korean dental hygiene programs: Perceptions of clinical dental hygienists

It is essential for dental hygienists to have basic knowledge of gross anatomy to provide efficient treatment. However, gross anatomy course is relatively neglected due to their disparity from actual clinical dental practice. This study aimed to propose an effective dental hygiene gross anatomy curriculum that reflects the opinions of professional clinical dental hygienists. The study had an online-based cross-sectional design and the survey was distributed to clinical dental hygienists via social networks (n = 200). The questionnaire consisted of questions on the utilization of anatomical knowledge in clinical practice, opinions on the contents and methods of gross anatomy education, and general characteristics. The present study found that 186 (93%) used anatomical knowledge at an above-average level. Qualitative analysis indicated that dental implant surgery, radiography, and extraction were the clinical procedures that required the most anatomical knowledge. The clinical dental hygienists answered that the most-necessary knowledge is that of the mandibular nerve, followed by that on the temporomandibular joint, mandible, maxilla, maxillary nerve, and masticatory muscle. The methods proposed to improve gross anatomy education were (in decreasing order of importance) using videos or photographs (X-rays, CT, MRI, etc.), integrating education with clinical subjects, and using a three-dimensional visualization program. Higher education levels of respondents have increased their tendency to believe that the contents and methods of the presented education were necessary. Dental hygienists who utilized anatomical knowledge more often tended to be had a greater appreciation of the necessity of all educational contents and methods.     

大学学术治理制度 建设有效性诊断与优化 ——聚焦“双一流”高校学术委员会章程的历时性修订

大学学术治理制度建设有效性内嵌着自主规范和工具理性的双重价值，彼此博弈的价值张力决定了大学学术治理成员结构、权责约束、运行机制以及异议监督的实践图景。通过文本分析发现，“双一流”建设高校学术委员会制度面临委员结构多形式化且运转效率低下，权责结构多数虚化且内容界定模糊，学术治理机制稳定性弱且实践性差，偏于事后监督控制且惩戒程序不清的多重困境，相应学术治理制度的形式、结构、运行与监督有效性不足。为此，应实现学术治理的“良法·善治·扩散”机制耦合，提升学术治理制度供给有效性，强化学术治理制度的实践效能，激活学术治理制度的学习机制。     

“迷雾中重生”：多重绩效反馈与企业数字化投入

多重绩效反馈是指决策时存在多个参照点，且决策主体存在多样性与群体性，致使绩效反馈出现多重性，多重绩效反馈状态可用绩效反馈相关性指标度量。企业数字化投入与其自身绩效反馈状态息息相关，多重绩效反馈下企业如何通过数字化投入实现“涅槃重生”是企业数字化转型须关注的重要问题。本文基于2007—2020年沪深A股上市公司数据，探究了绩效反馈相关性对企业数字化投入的作用，得到如下结论：绩效反馈相关性与企业数字化投入呈U形关系。对绩效反馈相关性进行细分后发现，绩效反馈一致性顺差、一致性落差以及不一致性均提升了企业数字化投入水平；研发背景高管权力深度强化了前述关系；研发背景高管权力广度弱化了绩效反馈相关性、绩效反馈一致性顺差与数字化投入间的关系；董事会正式权力层级强化了绩效反馈相关性与数字化投入的U形关系；董事会非正式权力层级强化了绩效反馈一致性落差与企业数字化投入的关系。考虑企业产权性质，非国有企业的调节作用基本能得到验证；考虑行业属性，在数字产业化企业样本中，多重绩效反馈对企业数字化投入的影响并不明显。本文对多重绩效反馈状态下企业数字化投入行为进行刻画，并考虑了研发背景高管权力结构与董事会权力层级的...     

Are track recommendations dependent on schools and school boards? A study of trends in the level of track recommendations,number of double recommendations and reconsiderations in Dutch urban and rural areas

Track recommendations provided to students in the final grade of primary education lead the allocation to specific school tracks in secondary education in the Netherlands. Where the results of a standardised test indicate that students are able to go to a higher track level, primary schools are required to reconsider and potentially adjust the track recommendation to a higher level. The current research aimed to (1) investigate trends in the level of track recommendations, double track recommendations and reconsiderations over the years 2014–2015 to 2018–2019, (2) explore the variation in (trends of) track recommendations between Dutch primary schools and their school boards, and (3) assess the association between track recommendations and the school level variables degree of urbanisation and type of primary education. We used multilevel growth curve modelling for continuous and count data based on publicly available school-level population data regarding track recommendations and school leavers tests from 2014–2015 to 2018–2019. The number of double track recommendations has increased over the cohorts, with a slightly decreasing gap between schools in rural and urban areas. The number of reconsiderations first decreased and then increased. The differences in reconsiderations between rural and urban areas are increasing over time. An initial trend towards higher average recommendations stabilising in the later cohorts appeared with no clear pattern for degree of urbanisation. The current study adds to the existing knowledge by assessing longitudinal trends instead of cross-sectional analyses and including multiple stakeholders and factors simultaneously.