Accommodations for Students Who Are Deaf or Hard of Hearing in Large-Scale, Standardized Assessments: Surveying the Landscape and Charting a New Direction

Students who are deaf or hard of hearing (SDHH) often use test accommodations when they participate in large-scale, standardized assessments. The purpose of this article is to present findings from the Third Annual Survey of Assessment and Accommodations for Students who are Deaf or Hard of Hearing. The "big five" accommodations were reported by at least two-thirds of the 389 participants: extended time, small group/individual administration, test directions interpreted, test items read aloud, and test items interpreted. In a regression analysis, language used in instruction showed the most significant effects on accommodations use. The article considers these findings in light of a more proactive role for the National Survey in providing evidence for the effectiveness of accommodations with SDHH.     

面向发展性阅读障碍的数字阅读与纸质阅读比较研究

［目的/意义］ 通过实验法研究发展性阅读障碍儿童在数字阅读与纸质阅读环境中汉字识别能力、语素能力、语音能力和阅读理解能力的差异,为发展性阅读障碍儿童数字阅读干预提供指导。［方法/过程］ 将参与实验的学生分为发展性阅读障碍组、同生理年龄组和纸质阅读同阅读水平组三组被试群体,对实验数据进行相关性分析,对比三组被试在阅读相关认知能力方面的差异。［结果/结论］ 在汉字识别能力、语素能力和语音能力方面,三组被试在数字阅读时的表现均逊于纸质阅读,其中发展性阅读障碍儿童受数字媒介的影响最大。在阅读理解能力方面,仅发展性阅读障碍儿童在数字阅读时阅读理解测试的表现差于纸质阅读,其余两组均在数字阅读时测试成绩更佳。     

Expanding opportunities to learn to support inclusive education through drama‐enhanced literacy practices

This study examines how the Early Years Educators at Play (EYEPlay) professional development (PD) programme supported inclusive learning settings for all children, including English language learners and students with disabilities. The EYEPlay PD model is a year‐long programme that integrates drama strategies into literacy practices within real‐classroom contexts. Inclusive education refers to ensuring equal opportunities to access and participation in learning activities for all students. Cultural‐historical activity theory was used to understand and unpack the drama practices. Twelve semi‐structured focus group interviews were conducted with 19 preschool teachers. The data were analysed via constant‐comparative and interpretive methods. The study findings showed that EYEPlay PD practices enhanced inclusive learning settings for diverse groups of students by increasing access and expanding opportunities to learn, and supporting a positive learning environment.     

Increasing engagement of students with learning disabilities in mathematical problem‐solving and discussion

Engagement in problem‐solving and mathematical discussion is critical for learning mathematics. This research review describes a gap in the literature surrounding engagement of students with Learning Disabilities in standards‐based mathematical classrooms. Taking a sociocultural view of engagement as participation in mathematical practices, this review found that students with LD were supported towards equal engagement in standards‐based mathematics through multi‐modal curriculum, consistent routines for problem‐solving, and teachers trained in Mathematical Knowledge for Teaching. Using this small set of studies (7), we identify the need to deepen the engagement of students with LD in mathematical problem‐solving and discussion. This review concludes with implications for teaching and learning.     

Exploring elementary students’ perceptions of disabilities using children's literature

The portrayal of characters in children's literature can be a very powerful influence on young children. Teachers have a responsibility to expose children to characters of all types, including those with disabilities. The goal of this study was to explore how third and fourth grade students responded to characters with disabilities in children's books. We read a total of 12 books that included characters with disabilities to students in two third‐grade and one fourth‐grade class at three elementary schools. We video‐recorded discussions about the books and identified the following four themes, all of which related to influences on students’ responses to the character with a disability: (a) societal messages, (b) academic responses, (c) teacher influence and (d) portrayal of disability. We recommend that teachers carefully select books featuring characters with disabilities based on the way the disability is portrayed in the book, and, after the read‐aloud, use questioning strategies that encourage students to make thoughtful, deep comments rather than giving ‘expected’ responses.     

Exploring the work and learning stories of para‐teachers in a college for further education in England

This paper reports findings from a research project which developed and introduced the Enhanced Learning Support Assistant Programme (ELSAP). This was a source of professional development for learning support assistants who were supporting students with additional learning needs in a college for further education in England. The purpose of this paper is to share findings from the project and to report on how learning support assistants experienced their work in inclusive college classrooms. The research project was a mixed methods study with participants drawn from learning support assistants within one college for further education in England. Data was collected throughout the 14‐week intervention. Findings indicate that issues exist around the uniqueness of the vocational curriculum and the implications this has for classroom support. It also shows how conflicting classroom procedures can generate feelings of confusion and how learning support workers often feel lonely in their role with no natural opportunity to mix with others. Furthermore, it indicates how a general lack of knowledge about teaching and learning contribute to them experiencing difficulty when performing their role which feed their views that a college for further education can be a complex and hostile environment to work in.     

发展性语文教学评价探析

发展性语文教学具有评价功能的发展性、评价内容的综合性、评价主体的多元性和评价方式的灵活性等特点.实施发展性语文教学评价应该定性评价与定量评价并举,更重视定性评价;终结性评价与形成性评价并重,更强调形成性评价;常模参照评价与个体内差异评价相结合,更注意强化个体内差异评价.     

学业不良儿童社会信息加工研究述评

学业不良儿童的社会信息加工是当前学业不良研究的一个重要领域。本文从学业不良儿童社会信息加工的阶段及其特点,社会信息加工与各影响因素之间关系这两个角度出发,对现有研究进行梳理,并进行了简要评价与展望。     

论学校体育发展趋势及体育教学改革

学校体育对我国人才素质的培养起着决定性的作用，在现代教育中占有举足轻重的地位．运用文献资料法、逻辑分析法及访谈法等研究方法，结合我国学校体育的现状，探讨了学校体育的发展趋势，提出了体育教学改革的具体措施．