初学者英语语音意识培养之浅谈

语音意识与阅读理解,单词拼写及记忆等方面有着极为密切的联系。利用语音意识进行语言学习已成为普遍认同的理论。该文在简单回顾了国内外语音意识发展的历史后,详细阐述了语音意识测试的步骤及方法,指出只有在对英语学习者语音意识进行有效的评估后,才能对症下药,培养他们的语音意识;同时指出语音意识的发展是一个渐进式发展的过程,英语教育教学工作者只有根据其规律,灵活施教,才能起到事倍功半的效果。     

Mothers’ and Fathers’ Roles in Caring for an Adult Child with an Intellectual Disability

To date, there have been few studies of mothers’ and fathers’ roles in caring for their adult children with intellectual disabilities. The present study investigated the care-giving roles of mother and father couples caring for their adult offspring with an intellectual disability, their psychological health, and the demands and satisfaction of their care-giving roles. Twelve Anglo-Australian middle-aged mother and father couples with an adult child with intellectual disability (mean age?=?24 years) participated in semi-structured interviews about their care-giving roles and completed a series of questionnaires pertaining to care-giving difficulties and satisfaction, hassles and uplifts, and general health. Findings indicated that an extremely high proportion of both mothers and fathers were in the clinical range for social dysfunction, anxiety/insomnia, and somatic complaints, although levels of depression were relatively low. The present study found that mothers undertake more daily care-giving tasks than fathers, but that the range of tasks is similar. Mothers also reported significantly more care-giving difficulties and satisfaction than fathers. Associations between measures differed somewhat for the two parent groups, indicating the need for further exploration of both mothers’ and fathers’ experiences.     

The Effectiveness of the Responsive Teaching Parent-mediated Developmental Intervention Programme in Turkey: A pilot study

The case study was conducted to examine the feasibility of an early intervention curriculum called Responsive Teaching with two five-year-old children from Turkey who had significant developmental delays. This study determined whether Turkish mothers might be successful in learning to become more responsive to their children, and whether this would result in significant improvements in their children’s development. Both dyads received 28 individual parent–child intervention sessions which were conducted over a four-month period of time. Pre-, mid-, and post-assessments indicated improvements in the mothers’ responsiveness to their children and the children’s levels of engagement with their parents. There were also improvements in the children’s language and personal social development. Mothers reported that Responsive Teaching helped them learn to interact more effectively with their children and that this resulted in longer and more enjoyable interactions with them. Results from this investigation are discussed in terms of their implications for providing developmental services to preschool-aged children with disabilities in Turkey.     

智力障碍者自尊与社会比较研究的综述

对智力障碍者自尊与社会比较的研究体现了社会对智力障碍者群体的人文关怀,总结相关的研究可为相应的研究及实践工作提供借鉴。智力障碍者的自尊和社会比较各具特点且关系紧密。以社会比较为切入点,可以从内因和外因两个方面对智力障碍者自尊形成及变化的内在机制进行分析和探讨。而对智力障碍者自尊与社会比较的研究能促进对该群体的心理教育实践工作,并改善其所处的环境。     

青少年前瞻适应现状研究

采用自编的《青少年前瞻适应问卷》,调查了13-19岁青少年的前瞻适应情况。结果表明：1.总体上,青少年前瞻适应水平呈正态分布。2.青少年前瞻适应与学习成绩有显著相关。3.青少年前瞻适应存在显著的年龄差异。在13-19岁青少年中,随着年龄的增长,前瞻适应总分以及两个维度的分数,均呈＂U＂型曲线。4.初中生无论是在前瞻适应总分还是在学习前瞻维度和发展前瞻维度上,均显著高于高中生。     

A Study of Infant Developmental Outcome with a Sample of Korean Working Mothers of Infants in Poverty: Implications for Early Intervention Program

Using a sample of 42 Korean mothers whose infants are cared for by someone at non-maternal child care facilities, this study first examined both main effects and interaction effects between maternal knowledge of infant development and maternal self-efficacy on parenting behavior. Second, the combined effects of variables of interest in this study including maternal knowledge of infant development, maternal self-efficacy, and parenting behavior on the child developmental outcome were investigated. Significant relationships between maternal knowledge of infant development and parenting behavior and child development outcome were detected. Only main effects of maternal knowledge of infant development were detected. Furthermore, maternal knowledge of infant development was the only significant predictor of infant developmental outcome. Research implications were discussed both on the continuum of findings from previous studies with Western samples and in terms of provision of effective early intervention programs for this targeted population.     

对残疾人从学校到工作过渡的探讨

残疾人从学校毕业后不能顺利地就业,是长期以来各级部门和家长极为关注的问题。本文从介绍和分析西方“从学校到工作的过渡”的理论入手,试着探讨我国残疾人从学校到工作的过渡问题,并提出了建立残疾人职业培训中心、残疾人职业指导与咨询中心以及残疾人“医疗——教育——职业”康复中心等建议,以此来提高残疾人的职业素质,实现他们从学校到工作的顺利过渡。     

Usefulness of cognitive intervention programmes for socio-emotional and behaviour problems in children with learning disabilities

Behavioural and emotional problems occur more frequently in children with learning problems than in a cross-section of the general population, both at home and at school. While behaviour problems reportedly are a key obstructive factor impeding inclusive education, children with both behavioural and learning disabilities carry a high risk of social exclusion and school dropout when they are in mainstream environments. Meta-analyses indicated only a moderate impact of social skills training. To see what kind of intervention programme would be effective in modifying cognitive as well as socio-emotional behaviour and at the same time focusing on contextual interaction and intervention, a pilot study has been carried out in Belgium with 11–13-year-old students with learning disability and behaviour problems in special schools. A total of 24 children in the experimental group were matched against a control group of 24. Children in the experimental group, after having received 14 lessons of FIE (Feuerstein's Instrumental Enrichment Programme), showed a marked increase in some cognitive functions (hypothetical thinking, perception and understanding of humour) but not in others. A significant effect on socio-emotional behaviour could not be shown quantitatively, but was evident from qualitative interviewing. The mediating attitude of the teachers was a key influencing factor in producing lasting changes. Programmes such as FIE, provided they address children as well as teachers in a comprehensive way, focusing on cognitive as well as socio-emotional behavioural changes, may become powerful instruments to help children as well as teachers in a highly differentiated inclusive school environment.     

Interpersonal and relational orientation among pre-service educators: differential effects on attitudes toward inclusion of students with disabilities

The purpose of this investigation was to determine the extent to which pre-service educators’ interpersonal characteristics affected their attitudes toward teaching students with disabilities (inclusion), as measured by the FIRO-B and ATIES pre- and post-course. The FIRO-B was administered to assess expressed and wanted aspects of three interpersonal needs: personal inclusion, affection and control. The ATIES was administered to measure attitudes toward classroom inclusion of students with physical, academic, behavioral and social disabilities. Repeated measures ANOVAs revealed a main effect for wanted inclusion and an interaction effect for expressed inclusion and expressed affection on attitudes toward classroom inclusion. Ultimately, these findings reveal how unique relational characteristics may influence preparation initiatives and may encourage consideration of how individual factors may mediate teacher training and preparation.     

素质教育综论

素质教育是20世纪80年代我国兴起的一股教育思潮。短短二十年间,已逐渐成为当前教育改革与发展的主旋律。因此,了解素质教育兴起的背景及其基本观点、主张,理清素质教育的理论脉络,对今后的教育教学改革具有十分重要的意义。