1979-1999年世界田径运动成绩的演变及未来发展态势

采用文献资料法、数理统计法等研究方法。研究结果表明，世界田径运动在过去的20年里经过发展、提高和稳定的过程，成绩运行轨迹呈锯齿状，并呈现出以奥运会、世锦赛为周期跳动式前进的特点。在此基础上，对世界田径运动在未来奥运会上的成绩走势，进行了动态预测。     

教育心理学：沟通心理学 与教育的桥梁

教育心理学是研究人的心理与行为改变规律的科学,是心理科学的一个重要应用分支,学校情境中学与教的基本心理学规律是其研究的主要对象。教育心理学是心理学与教育长期结合的产物,当其作为一门独立学科在20世纪初诞生后,曾给当时教育研究走向科学化以强有力的推动。近一二十年来教育心理学研究在学习与认知,动机、情绪与信念,教学与学科学习,学习的个体差异等主题上有了较大进展。研究发展趋势表现在:一般认知过程的研究转变为课堂里具体学科学习中的认知研究;教学心理研究受到重视;研究视角多元化;开始从对个体的关注转到对社会文化情境中个体的关注;计算机与网络等技术因素对学习的影响成为一个新的研究领域。最后,作者从发挥教育心理学作为沟通心理学与教育桥梁的功能出发,对我国教育心理学发展提出了若干建议。     

名词复数拼法问题

根据词汇学基础理论,英语词汇中名词复数的拼法由于历史原因以及拼读体系与拼写体系的差异,使得名词复数形式的拼读与拼写不尽相同,这给学习名词单复数形式转换带来了一定的困难。本文拟介绍一些可以借鉴的常见复数拼法规则,以便有助于大家学习与实践。     

太行大峡谷的地质景观

太行大峡谷在震旦纪、寒武纪、奥陶纪为海洋,历经陆、海变迁,三迭纪中期上升为陆地,经受了200百万年的风化剥蚀,石英砂岩的差异风化形成了大峡谷独特的地质景观,现为国家4A级旅游风景区。开发大峡谷丰富的地质内涵,可提高旅游情趣,增强对大自然的保护意识。     

Spelling consistency affects reading in young Dutch readers with and without dyslexia

Lexical-decision studies with experienced English and French readers have shown that visual-word identification is not only affected by pronunciation inconsistency of a word (i.e., multiple ways to pronounce a spelling body), but also by spelling inconsistency (i.e., multiple ways to spell a pronunciation rime). The aim of this study was to compare the reading behavior of young Dutch readers with dyslexia to the behavior of readers without dyslexia. All students participated in a lexical-decision task in which we presented pronunciation-consistent words and pseudowords. Half of the pronunciation-consistent stimuli were spelling consistent and the other half were spelling inconsistent. All three reader groups, that is, students with dyslexia, age-match students, and reading-match students, read spelling-consistent words faster than spelling-inconsistent words. Overall reading speed of students with dyslexia was similar to that of reading-match students, and was substantially slower than that of age-match students. The results suggest that reading in students with or without dyslexia is similarly affected by spelling inconsistency. Subtle qualitative differences emerged, however, with respect to pseudoword identification. The conclusion was that the findings were best interpreted in terms of a recurrent-feedback model.     

动态性评价: 语文课程评价的新视角

语文课程评价应该是一种动态性评价。动态性评价具有多维性、对话性、多样性、发展性和激励性的特点。语文课程动态性评价在实施策略上应注意: 课程、教学与评价的互动统一; 现时判断与前瞻性评价的统一; 点的透视与面的综合的统一; 量性评价与质性评价的统一; 结果评价与过程性评价的统一。     

An examination of the relative age effect in developmental girls’ hockey in Ontario

The relative age effect (RAE) suggests that athletes may be provided with greater opportunities for success depending on the position of their birthdate in a sport’s selection year. While the effect has been well established in men’s sports, less is known about women’s sports. This study examined the RAE in developmental girls’ hockey in Ontario. Relative age, player position, age division, and level of play were provided by the Ontario Women’s Hockey Association for 36,555 registrants. Older players were over-represented, and younger players under-represented across all age divisions and levels of play. This suggests that the RAE is present in developmental girls’ hockey, the magnitude of which varies with level of play and player position.     

Peer relations and emotion regulation of children with emotional and behavioural difficulties with and without a developmental disorder

Children with emotional and behavioural difficulties (EBD) and those who also have developmental disorders, such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or autism spectrum disorder (ASD), can experience the same adverse consequences in their peer interactions and relationships. This present study compared the emotion regulation and peer relationships of children aged 8–12 years (M = 9.86 years, SD = 1.49) with EBD (N = 33) and children with EBD plus a diagnosed developmental disorder (N = 28). Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) with Bonferroni adjusted alpha levels revealed no significant main effect for emotion regulation according to EBD status. There was, however, a multivariate main effect for sex, with females presenting with higher levels of negative emotional intensity (e.g., frustration, anger, aggression) than males. A second MANOVA revealed no significant main effect for peer relationships according to EBD status and sex. Significant correlations revealed that the EBD-only group experienced greater adverse peer interactions than the EBD-plus-developmental disorder group. These findings are important for educators and researchers involved in the development and evaluation of prevention and intervention programms for children with EBD.     

河南省农民体育健身工程实施效果与发展对策研究

本课题选用文献资料法、访谈法、问卷调查法、数理统计法、逻辑分析法等研究方法,对河南省384名农民进行了问卷调查．调查结果显示：82．6％的农民对本村健身工程的选址表示满意．农村的器材数量比较匮乏,在经费筹集上,多采取村政府、社会、个人多方投资．45．2％的行政村专门对农民健身工程制定了管理制度;对全民健身计划纲要和农民体育健身工程的知晓程度普遍偏低．农民经常参与的体育项目主要有散步、慢跑、太极拳、气功、游泳、篮球、足球、健身舞蹈等;河南省农村居民有53．2％认为实施农民体育健身工程“十分必要”,有部分农民认为健身工程是“形象工程”．根据以上调查结论,提出全面推进实施农民体育健身工程的相应对策措施．     

Orthography and the development of metalinguistic reflection in Portuguese primary school pupils / Ortografía y desarrollo de la reflexión metalingüística en alumnos portugueses en primaria

Abstract

Linguistic awareness is crucial in learning literacy. This project has a two-fold aim: to develop the students’ ability to think about language in order to write with accuracy and to lead teachers to promote students’ discussions about their writing difficulties. The study is part of a two-year action-research project developed in primary schools from the Lisbon area, with experimental and control groups. The starting point of the project was the analysis of the problems students of third and fourth grades showed in their writing. The scope of the project includes dictation tasks within an interactionist approach, favouring grammatical discussions leading to the observation and manipulation of linguistic data.