浅谈英语中的颜色词

颜色是人类对客观世界的感知,无论在大自然还是在社会生活中都存在着各种各样的颜色。在人类语言里大量存在着表示颜色的单词——颜色词。由于不同的文化、地域而颜色词带上了不同的色彩,英语国家中有些颜色词有褒、有贬;有些是被人崇尚的、也有些是禁忌的。我们就有必要去了解这些颜色词的深层含义,以便我们在生活、学习和工作中灵活运用,这也是我们了解一些西方文化的一个入手点。     

Understanding others Kellyian theory,methodology and applicationComprendre les autres la théorie de Kelly: methodologie et applicationEntendimiemto de los otros la teoría de Kelly: metodología y applicación

This article discusses Kelly's theory of personal constructs and its Repertory grid technique as means of revealing the nature of cultural differences and similarities. It shows how Kelly's theory relates to cognitive theory, implicit personality theory and subjective culture theory. According to Kelly, people and groups are best understood in terms of the ways they anticipate events. People are all psychologists since they employ constructs. These bases of discrimination are bipolar in nature and open to revision. A group's culture is summarized by its members' shared superordinate constructs. Kelly's Commonality Corollary explains that members of a group are similar because they use the same constructs to order events. Kelly's Sociality Corollary states that, in order to enter into a relationship with others, people need first to subsume the others' personal constructs. His custom-built Repertory grid elicits constructs by having a person decide how in a matrix other people, for example, are similar and different. In the rated grid form, each person or element is rated from most to least on the positive pole of each construct. Either principal components or cluster analysis or multidimensional scaling can reveal the interviewed person's superordinate dimensions of appraisal. As an emic technique, the grid is contrasted with the semantic differential and other fixed-format tests. A review of the personal construct literature shows that many individuals and cultural groups have been explained in their own terms. In this research, difference is construed as interesting and others are understood by construing their construction processes as a first step towards approval.     

Cross-cultural differences in attitudes towards disabled persons: A study of Jewish and Arab youth in Israel

Cultural values may be seen as the primary determinants of altitudes towards deviant or exceptional persons. The present study deals with the attitudes of Jewish and Arab youth in Israel towards the disabled as a function of cultural identity, existence of contact with a disabled person, and type of disability (blindness, amputation, facial disfigurement, or confinement to a wheelchair).A sample of 510 Jews and 655 Arabs filled out the Yuker Altitudes Towards Disabled Persons Scale (ATDP). The results indicated that overall, Jews were more positive towards the disabled than Arabs. Furthermore, the existence of previous contact with a disabled person was a positive factor in the formation of the Jews' attitudes, and a negative factor for the Arabs. In their ranking of different types of disability, Jews and Arabs differed significantly.The results are interpreted in the context of modern versus traditional cultures, whereby the Jewish youths' more tolerant Western approach seems to engender a more positive attitude than the Arab youths' conservative values.     

Development communication expectations in occupational contexts: A Comparison of U.S. and foreign graduate students

This study focuses on the communication approaches used by experts in development. In line with recent “paradigm shift” issues, this study asks whether foreign and U.S. graduate students have inculcated alternative communication approaches instead of, or in addition to, the predominant “top to bottom” communication approach in their occupational communication roles. A total of 24 foreign and 23 U.S. graduate students from various departments at the University of Washington were asked to describe their expected communication with contact groups above, at the same and at lower status levels. All graduate students showed a marked tendency to exhibit “top to bottom” approaches with contacts of lower status and alternative communication approaches (i.e., bottom to top or interactive) only with peers. Few differences were found between U.S. and foreign, but those that were found were attributed to differing societal and occupational structures. Discussion focused on the lack of a coherent communication approach showing inculcation of more user oriented approaches suggested by the “paradigm shift.”     

Politics,Pauperism and Power in Late Nineteenth Century Ireland. By Virginia Crossman.

ABSTRACT

Food and military identity were inextricably linked in the British Army: rations were a thrice daily indicator of the men's separation from their civilian selves. The soldiers were what they ate, but they were also where and how they ate; the grubby rapacity of the barrack dining hall, the absence of civilizing cutlery and the unfamiliar food delineated their new role as clearly as any uniform. Institutional feeding facilitated the erasure of self, an unhelpful attribute in the military world. Men's accounts indicate the conflict between their appetites and what they all too often regarded as oppression in a dietary form.     

山东体育学院教师、图书等系列中、高级专业技术职务评分标准的研究

根据山东省教育厅有关文件和其他有关规定，调查和走访了全国１６所体育院校和省内２０所大专院校，结合我院的实际情况，在原评分标准的基础上研究制订了新的评分标准。     

认知训练在罚定位球教学中的应用

在本科足球专选班罚定位球数学中，将２４名学生分成实验组与对照组，实验组采用认知训练教学法，对照组采用常规教学法。结果表明，认知训练能够调动学生的积极思维，促进对技术动作的认知和掌握，提高罚球命中率，提高教学质量。     

社会主义市场经济与体育

对提出建立社会主义市场经济体制以来，我国体育界关于“市场经济与体育”的若干理论讨论进行了综述。其中包括：社会主义市场经济对体育的影响；市场经济条件下体育体制的改革；体育产业及体育产业化，如何认识体育市场；体育市场现状与前景的估计；如何培育和开拓体育市场；体育法制建设；国家宏观调控和政府职能转变；如何认识社会主义市场经济条件下体育的社会效益与经济效益九个方面的问题。     

国际市场经济一体化形势下世界体育的发展趋势及我们对策

国际市场经济一体化形势下,世界体育日益呈现出生活化、现代化、科学化、国际化趋势。面对这一大趋势,我国体育的发展对策应作如下考虑：继续强化双重战略协调发展的意识;强化科技兴体意识;加强体育经济理论研究,转变体育发展的观念。     

大型武术(套路)竞赛编排方法讨论与实践

通过编排实践，本文对大型武术（套路）竞赛秩序各环节编排在理论上和具体方法上进行了较为系统的探讨和总结。针对竞赛分组和确定运动员上场顺序这一环节的诸方面就如何体现运动员机会均等、利益均等原则进行了阐述。同时，分析了体育学院武术专修通用教材在分组方法上的不合理性。指出竞赛日程方案设计应力求最佳，并就最佳方案设计的标准以及竞赛日程制定方法、原则进行了研究和总结。