我国女子短跑运动员足长指数与速度变化规律的研究

通过对57 名我国女子短跑运动员的下肢结构类型与速度变化规律的研究,揭示了足长/(下肢长- 小腿长)指数与短跑速度及步幅、步频的关系,建立了适合我国女子不同足长类型短跑运动员速度发展的检测“模型”     

Measurement of intrinsic foot stiffness in minimally and traditionally shod runners using ultrasound elastography: A pilot study

ABSTRACT

Running is an activity with a consistently high injury rate. Running footwear design that mimics barefoot running has been proposed to reduce injury rate by increasing the strength of foot structures. However, there is little evidence to support this. The purpose of the current study is to use shear wave ultrasound elastography to examine material properties (shear modulus) of intrinsic foot structures in experienced minimally and traditionally shod runners. It is hypothesized that minimalist runners will exhibit increased stiffness compared to controls demonstrating the strengthening of these structures. Eighteen healthy runners (8 minimalist and 10 traditionalist), running a minimum of 10 mi · wk^?1, participated. Elastography scans were performed on the left foot of each participant. There is no apparent stiffening of foot structures associated with wearing minimalist shoes. Only the FHB tendon is different between shoe types and, contrary to the hypothesis, was stiffer in traditionalist compared to minimalist runners (257.26 ± 51.64 kPa vs 160.88 ± 27.79 kPa, respectively). A moderate positive (r = 0.7) relationship between training load and tendon stiffness suggests strengthening of tendon when running in traditional shoes. If running in minimalist shoes increases loading on these structures without resulting in stronger tissues, it is possible that minimalist footwear may increase injury risk.     

高校体育教育专业女子行进间单脚起跳低手投篮教学

行进间单脚起跳低手投篮是篮球基本技术中很重要的一项,要求体育专业的学生在篮球普修课上就能熟练掌握。通过查阅文献资料和教学实践,根据体育教育专业女生的生理特点和心理特点,本文从身体素质、行进间单脚起跳低手投篮技术、心理素质训练等方面进行分析,阐述体育教育专业女生在行进间单脚起跳低手投篮的教学与训练,为提高体育教育专业的篮球课效果提出相应措施。     

廊坊市金光道铁路立交桥排水泵站沉井施工技术

结合工程实际情况有针对性地解决了沉井下沉受力计算和沉井施工技术等关键问题,从而避免沉井施工对周边建筑物的不良影响。     

廊坊市金光道铁路立交桥排水泵站沉井施工技术

结合工程实际情况有针对性地解决了沉井下沉受力计算和沉井施工技术等关键问题,从而避免沉井施工对周边建筑物的不良影响。     

论“摆”“扣”在太极拳教学中地位和作用——以二十四式简化太极拳为例

文章运用访谈法、文献资料法等研究方法,从膝关节的解剖学和生物力学特征的角度论证了“摆”、“扣”在太极拳教学中的地位和作用,并指出:太极拳练习中不能正确地运用“摆”、“扣”是造成膝关节损伤的最主要致因,正确地掌握和运用“摆”、“扣”技术是预防和避免膝关节损伤的关键.     

补充肌酸对糖尿病大鼠代谢的影响

在建立糖尿病大鼠模型的基础上 ,通过肌酸补充方式的干预性治疗 ,运用运动生物化学和分子生物学的方法 ,观察了糖尿病代谢紊乱的适应性变化。在代谢应答的整体水平分析了调控过程、整合了不同观察水平的研究结果 ,特别注意结合运动医学和临床医学的相关方法与理论 ,探讨各种变化发生、发展可能的机理。研究认为 :1)肌酸的强化补充 ,可能程度不同地改善糖尿病糖和胰岛激素代谢的紊乱特征 ;2 )肌酸的缓冲酸的作用在糖尿病治疗中的意义与目前熟知的外周胰岛素敏感性变化在糖尿病治疗中的反应和概念有明显区别 ;3)首次观察到与血糖动力学同步的OGTT血乳酸动力学过程的特点。这些研究有助于加深对营养因素对糖尿病实施控制和非药物治疗的认识     

4-氯-2,6-双吡啶双氧钒化合物降低1型糖尿病大鼠血糖的生物学作用

通过1型和2型糖尿病动物模型的研究发现过渡金属元素钒（V）具有降糖作用。有机钒化合物与无机钒相比，其副作用低、体内吸收率和生物利用度高。本文主要探讨了四价有机钒化合物4-氯-2,6-双吡啶双氧钒化合物（4-chloro-2,6-dipicolinatodioxovanadium(Ⅳ)，V4dipic-Cl）对链脲佐菌素（STZ，55 mg/kg）诱导的1型糖尿病大鼠的生物学作用。大鼠通过自由饮水的方式口服V4dipic-Cl（0.5 mg/ml）8天。结果表明，V4dipic-Cl组的大鼠血糖和血清碱性磷酸酶（ALP）活性显著低于糖尿病对照组，并且其葡萄糖耐量水平得到明显改善。但有机配体H2dipic-Cl对糖尿病大鼠的血糖和血清ALP活性的影响不显著。结果提示V4dipic-Cl具有降低糖尿病大鼠的血糖，提高葡萄糖耐量和改善肝功能的作用。     

Initiating running barefoot: Effects on muscle activation and impact accelerations in habitually rearfoot shod runners

Runners tend to shift from a rearfoot to a forefoot strike pattern when running barefoot. However, it is unclear how the first attempts at running barefoot affect habitually rearfoot shod runners. Due to the inconsistency of their recently adopted barefoot technique, a number of new barefoot-related running injuries are emerging among novice barefoot runners. The aim of this study was therefore to analyse the influence of three running conditions (natural barefoot [BF], barefoot with a forced rearfoot strike [BRS], and shod [SH]) on muscle activity and impact accelerations in habitually rearfoot shod runners. Twenty-two participants ran at 60% of their maximal aerobic speed while foot strike, tibial and head impact accelerations, and tibialis anterior (TA), peroneus longus (PL), gastrocnemius medialis (GM) and gastrocnemius lateralis (GL) muscle activity were registered. Only 68% of the runners adopted a non-rearfoot strike pattern during BF. Running BF led to a reduction of TA activity as well as to an increase of GL and GM activity compared to BRS and SH. Furthermore, BRS increased tibial peak acceleration, tibial magnitude and tibial acceleration rate compared to SH and BF. In conclusion, 32% of our runners showed a rearfoot strike pattern at the first attempts at running barefoot, which corresponds to a running style (BRS) that led to increased muscle activation and impact accelerations and thereby to a potentially higher risk of injury compared to running shod.     

定向越野与田径选项教学学生有氧耐力对比探析

有氧耐力是人体长时间进行有氧工作的能力.本文运用文献资料、问卷调查、数理统计等方法,就定向越野选项教学与田径选项教学学生有氧耐力,即从学生心肺功能、中长跑能力等方面来进行对比分析,并就学生对这二项选项课的赞同情况作了相关调查.结果显示：定向越野选项教学对学生有氧耐力提高较好,学生对定向越野选项教学赞成率高.