推铅球动作系统的生物力学分析

运用运动生物力学等基础理论，对推铅球技术的连续图片进行综合分析。提出了激发肌肉潜能，加速动作节奏，以适宜的角度、合理的高度和最快的出手初速度投掷铅球的规范动作标准。     

单足与双足跳深时支撑腿的生物力学特征分析

使用三维测力台、高速摄像机和同步仪对10名男性跳跃类二级运动员进行单足和双足不同高度跳深时的图像采集和数据收集,并对解析后的图像和数据进行分析。结果表明：单足跳深的适宜高度是30cm,双足跳深的适宜高度是70cm;跳深时同一级别的运动员个体差异性很大。     

对短跑途中跑支撑脚后蹬扒地技术的初步探讨

通过对短跑运动员支撑脚后蹬扒地技术进行理论分析,认为运动员在途中跑过程中,支撑脚后蹬扒地是推动人体快速前移和提高大腿前摆效果的主要因素,从而提出了一些有关加强支撑脚后蹬扒地能力训练的方法,以达到提高运动成绩的目的。     

The use of lysosomal enzymuria in the early detection and monitoring of the progression of diabetic nephropathy

Recent acquisitions on the early detection and monitoring of the progression of diabetic complications (nephropathy) using the techniques of enzymology (lysosomal enzymes) are reviewed. it appears that the kidney is the principal source of urinary lysosomal enzymes. Urinary samples for lysosomal enzyme determination can be either 24-hour or spot-collection. The use of synthetic substrates (4-methylumbelliferyl substrates) provides an easy, inexpensive, sensitive and highly reproducible method of lysosomal enzyme assay. It is recommended that more than one enzyme be assayed in the process. The use of fractional enzyme excretion (FEE) ratios is further recommended. The urinary lysosomal glycosidases investigated and found to be of particular diagnostic value in the early detection of diabetic nephropathy include N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (β-hexosaminidase, NAG), β-glucuronidase and β-galactosidase, with NAG being the most useful indicator. Urinary NAG can be used in monitoring the progression of diabetic nephropathy. The fluorimetric assay of lysosomal glycosidases is particuarly recommended in developing countries since it is simple, sensitive and inexpensive.     

束缚与解放——《湘报》对女性缠足问题的讨论

戊戌变法时期,维新志士在城乡发起了轰轰烈烈的不缠足运动。《湘报》作为湖南维新派的喉舌,对倡导女性放足更是不遗余力,刊载了大量的关于推动女性放足的论说、文告、章程和启事等。这些文章探讨了缠足之源、缠足之害、禁缠之难和禁缠之益。     

Correspondence

Abstract

Selected kinematic variables of the foot segments and the metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint were investigated in relation to sprinting performance among 100 m sprint athletes at the 2000 Summer Olympic Games. It was hypothesized that the kinematics of the MTP joint, and forefoot and rearfoot segments, are related to sprint performance for both male and female athletes. Kinematic sagittal plane data were collected using two digital video cameras recording at 120 fields per second. It was determined that faster male sprinters experienced higher maximal rates of MTP extension, and faster female sprinters touch down with higher posterior sole angles and take off with lower posterior sole angles.     

Impact phase kinematics of instep kicking in soccer

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to capture the lower limb kinematics before during and after ball impact of soccer kicking by examining the influence of both sampling rate and smoothing procedures. Nine male soccer players performed maximal instep kicks and the three-dimensional leg movements were captured at 1000 Hz. Angular and linear velocities and accelerations were determined using four different processing approaches: processed using a modified version of a time-frequency filtering algorithm (WGN), smoothed by a second-order low-pass Butterworth filter at 200 Hz cut-off (BWF), re-sampled at 250 Hz without smoothing (RSR) and re-sampled at 250 Hz but filtered by the same Butterworth filter at 10 Hz cut-off (RSF). The WGN approach appeared to establish representative kinematics, whereas the other procedures failed to remove noisy oscillation from the baseline of signal (BWF), lost the peaks of rapid changes (RSR) or produced totally distorted movement patterns (RSF). The results indicate that the procedures used by some previous studies may have been insufficient to adequately capture the lower limb motion near ball impact. We propose a new time-frequency filtering technique as a better way to smooth data whose frequency content varies dramatically.     

Foot loading characteristics during three fencing-specific movements

Abstract

Plantar pressure characteristics during fencing movements may provide more specific information about the influence of foot loading on overload injury patterns. Twenty-nine experienced fencers participated in the study. Three fencing-specific movements (lunge, advance, retreat) and normal running were performed with three different shoe models: Ballestra (Nike, USA), Adistar Fencing Lo (Adidas, Germany), and the fencers' own shoes. The Pedar system (Novel, Munich, Germany) was used to collect plantar pressures at 50 Hz. Peak pressures, force–time integrals and contact times for five foot regions were compared between four athletic tasks in the lunge leg and supporting leg. Plantar pressure analysis revealed characteristic pressure distribution patterns for the fencing movements. For the lunge leg, during the lunge and advance movements the heel is predominantly loaded; during retreat, it is the hallux. For the supporting leg, during the lunge and advance movements the forefoot is predominantly loaded; during retreat, it is the hallux. Fencing-specific movements load the plantar surface in a distinct way compared with running. An effective cushioning in the heel and hallux region would help to minimize foot loading during fencing-specific movements.     

足球前场80个成功任意球战术初探

通过对15届世界杯足球赛、'96欧洲足球锦标赛和意大利、英国、德国、西班牙、荷兰、巴西等国国内联赛共100多场高水平比赛中所收集到的80个前场任意球成功战例战术进行分析研究。结果表明:距离球门30米左右的中间区域是任意球得分的最佳区域;任意球进攻的战术方法以简练实用为宜,若情况允许尽可能直接射门;一次配合战术以中路一拨后射门和左、右两区域的传中后头球射门为主要配合方法。