中外职业足球俱乐部后备人才培养比较研究

运用文献资料、专家访谈等方法,对中外职业足球俱乐部后备人才培养进行比较.结果显示,中外足球俱乐部后备人才培养上存在较大差距,国外俱乐部具有多种后备人才选拔方式、较科学的训练机制、较多样的竞赛类型和较多的比赛场次、切实加强年轻球员的文化教育、多层次的运动员出路,而我国职业运动员选拔面小、训练不够科学、竞赛种类少、比赛场次少、对球员的文化教育重视程度不够、可供其选择的出路少,这些问题制约了我国职业足球俱乐部后备人才培养的质量.     

4-氯-2,6-双吡啶双氧钒化合物降低1型糖尿病大鼠血糖的生物学作用

通过1型和2型糖尿病动物模型的研究发现过渡金属元素钒（V）具有降糖作用。有机钒化合物与无机钒相比,其副作用低、体内吸收率和生物利用度高。本文主要探讨了四价有机钒化合物4-氯-2,6-双吡啶双氧钒化合物（4-chloro-2,6-dipicolinatodioxovanadium(Ⅳ),V4dipic-Cl）对链脲佐菌素（STZ,55 mg/kg）诱导的1型糖尿病大鼠的生物学作用。大鼠通过自由饮水的方式口服V4dipic-Cl（0.5 mg/ml）8天。结果表明,V4dipic-Cl组的大鼠血糖和血清碱性磷酸酶（ALP）活性显著低于糖尿病对照组,并且其葡萄糖耐量水平得到明显改善。但有机配体H2dipic-Cl对糖尿病大鼠的血糖和血清ALP活性的影响不显著。结果提示V4dipic-Cl具有降低糖尿病大鼠的血糖,提高葡萄糖耐量和改善肝功能的作用。     

广东省普通高校定向越野建设研究

研究了广东省普通高校定向越野项目的建设现状。并指出教师的运动技术水平、专业的制图人员、定向越野练习场地和校方政策的倾斜是广东省普通高校定向越野发展所必备的因素。     

口服富铬啤酒酵母对链脲佐霉素诱导糖尿病大鼠的生物效应

研究富铬啤酒酵母和普通啤酒酵母以及醋酸铬对链脲佐霉素（STZ）诱导的糖尿病大鼠的生物效应。富铬酵母的制备是以普通啤酒酵母作为微量元素载体,酵母细胞在含铬（Cr）的介质中驯化生长,吸收并同化无机铬化合物,使之转化成富集铬元素的啤酒酵母,普通啤酒酵母和富铬啤酒酵母均来自于相同的单克隆细胞系。以普通酵母为对照,分别每天灌胃给予链脲佐霉素诱导的糖尿病大鼠含铬量为300 μg/kg.bw的富铬酵母和醋酸铬,实验周期为32天。结果表明,富铬酵母组和普通酵母组大鼠的体重明显高于糖尿病大鼠（p < 0.01）,醋酸铬对糖尿病大鼠的体重影响不显著。与普通酵母和醋酸铬相比,富铬酵母明显改善糖尿病大鼠的口服糖耐量（OGTT）水平。与糖尿病组相比,富铬酵母组大鼠的血清甘油三酯（TG）、肌苷、血清谷丙转氨酶（ALT）和谷草转氨酶（AST）水平下降。结果提示富铬酵母能够改善糖尿病大鼠的糖尿病症状及其肝肾功能。     

Gender differences associated with rearfoot,midfoot, and forefoot kinematics during running

Females, as compared with males, have a higher proportion of injuries in the foot region. However, the reason for this gender difference regarding foot injuries remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate gender differences associated with rearfoot, midfoot, and forefoot kinematics during running. Twelve healthy males and 12 females ran on a treadmill. The running speed was set to speed which changes from walking to running. Three-dimensional kinematics of rearfoot, midfoot, and forefoot were collected and compared between males and females. Furthermore, spatiotemporal parameters (speed, cadence, and step length) were measured. In the rearfoot angle, females showed a significantly greater peak value of plantarflexion and range of motion in the sagittal plane as compared with males (effect size (ES)?=?1.55 and ES?=?1.12, respectively). In the midfoot angle, females showed a significantly greater peak value of dorsiflexion and range of motion in the sagittal plane as compared with males (ES?=?1.49 and ES?=?1.71, respectively). The forefoot peak angles and ranges of motion were not significantly different between the genders in all three planes. A previous study suggested that a gender-related difference in excessive motions of the lower extremities during running has been suggested as a contributing factor to running injuries. Therefore, the present investigation may provide insight into the reason for the high incidence of foot injuries in females.     

越级上访之悖论

转型时期的社会问题尤其复杂、棘手，当代中国信访制度改革及由此引发的不休争论便是明证：作为信访问题具体的疑难杂症之一，越级上访本身包含着诸多悖论。厘清悖论，方能在微观中透视问题症结，寻求上访乃至信访问题的解决之道。     

The effect of minimal shoes on arch structure and intrinsic foot muscle strength

BackgroundThis prospective study explored the effects of endurance running (ER) in minimal versus standard running shoes on the foot's superficial layer intrinsic muscles and the function of the longitudinal arch. Our hypothesis was that running in minimal shoes would cause hypertrophy in these muscles and lead to higher, stronger, stiffer arches.MethodsThe hypothesis was tested using a sample of 33 healthy runners randomized into two groups, a control group shod in traditional running footwear and an experimental group shod in minimal support footwear, whose feet were scanned in an MRI before and after a 12-week training regime. Running kinematics as well as arch stiffness and height were also assessed before and after the treatment period.ResultsAnalysis of anatomical cross-sectional areas and muscle volumes indicate that the flexor digitorum brevis muscle became larger in both groups by 11% and 21%, respectively, but only the minimally shod runners had significant areal and volumetric increases of the abductor digiti minimi of 18% and 22%, respectively, and significantly increased longitudinal arch stiffness (60%).ConclusionThese results suggest that endurance running in minimal support footwear with 4 mm offset or less makes greater use of the spring-like function of the longitudinal arch, thus leading to greater demands on the intrinsic muscles that support the arch, thereby strengthening the foot.     

Structural deformation of longitudinal arches during running in soccer players with medial tibial stress syndrome

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to compare angular change and translational motion from the medial longitudinal arch (MLA) and lateral longitudinal arch (LLA) during running between medial tibial stress syndrome (MTSS) and non-MTSS subjects. A total of 10 subjects volunteered, comprising 5 subjects with MTSS and 5 subjects without injury (non-MTSS) as the control group. All subjects performed the test movement that simulated running. Fluoroscopic imaging was used to investigate bone movement during landing in running. Sagittal motion was defined as the angular change and translational motion of the arch. A Mann-Whitney U-test was performed to determine the differences in the measured values between the MTSS and non-MTSS groups. The magnitude of angular change for the MLA and LLA was significantly greater for subjects with MTSS than for control subjects. Translational motion of the MLA and LLA of the MTSS group was also significantly greater than that of the non-MTSS group (all p < 0.05). Soccer players with MTSS have an abnormal structural deformation of foot during support (or stance) phase of running, with a large decrease in both the MLA and LLA. This abnormal motion could be a risk factor for the development of MTSS in these subjects.     

汉语缩略语的构成与自然音步的关系

缩略语是人们对已有语言的再创造、再加工,因此它应该符合人们的语言习惯和自然的节律属性。汉语中,双音节是韵律模型中的最佳单位,因此,人们在构造缩略语时,不管原式有几个音步,总是倾向于构造双音节音步,即使需要舍弃一些信息。单音节和三音节的出现条件是有限制的：单音节缩略语必须“组双”后才能出现,三音节缩略语则是在双音节不能满足表意要求下才出现,且有双音化的趋势;四音节构成复合韵律词,但不符合经济性原则,因此用例也较少。五音节以上为超复合韵律词,与四音节类似,也有悖经济性原则,用例较少。     

Reversal of diabetic retinopathy in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats using traditional Indian anti-diabetic plant,Azadirachta indica (L.)

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of oral feeding of water extract of fresh leaves ofAzadirachta indica (Fam:Meliaceae) in streptozotocin induced diabetes and its associated retinopathy in rats. Treatment of the diabetic rats with aqueous extract of leaves ofA. indica at a dose of 250 mg/kg body weight for 16 weeks resulted in gradual but significant fall in blood glucose and improvement in serum total, LDL and HDL cholesterol and triacylglycerol which increased in diabetic rats. It also showed improvement in body weight and reversed retinopathy.