基于专家可信度的同行评议法

本文从分析同行评议法的程序和特点出发,对同行评议法的局限性进行了研究,在此基础上提出了基于专家可信度的同行评议法,由此达到利用"专家可信度"这一新指标来完善和补充同行评议法的目的。     

优化科学基金同行评议机制的思考

同行评议是科学共同体的自我规范机制之一，是科学质量控制的核心环节。国家自然科学基金资助工作的核心运行机制是同行评议，它是遴选高质量基金项目的重要保障机制。为了使同行评议科学、客观、公正，稳步推进国家自然科学基金新时期的改革与发展，文章从同行评议机制的发展及其优缺点出发，分析了当前国家自然科学基金同行评议机制面临的挑战：不适应跨越式发展需要，专家和管理队伍规模不适应项目申请数量增长，专家评审行为缺少对象反馈且评审专家遴选有待优化，以及项目评审流程缺少监控手段等。据此，文章提出完善国家自然科学基金同行评议机制，建设“负责任、讲信誉、计贡献”（RCC）的同行评议监督与评价系统思路。文章阐述了RCC机制的动态性和科学性，总结了其在优化国家自然科学基金管理和提高项目评审效率中的潜在用途，为进一步推进RCC机制的改革发展提供了一定的理论依据。实践显示，同行评议的RCC改革方向是有效的，但仍需进一步完善RCC制度设计、加强评审质量监测并营造RCC评审文化。文章从多角度论述了完善科学基金同行评议机制的重要性，指明该机制所面临的挑战与可行的发展路径，为RCC监督与评价系统的改革与发展提供一定参考，同时对新时期稳步推进国家自然科学基金的管理具有借鉴意义。     

科技政策体系的协同性分析

从协同论的角度来分析科技政策体系，指出科技政策体系只有产生协同效应才能发挥最佳功效。分析了科技政策体系的三个序参量：科技发展水平，社会对科技的需求，科技在社会中的实际作用。并且指出科技政策体系还应整体协调，反馈控制。     

同行评议中的利益冲突分析与治理对策

选取同行评议这一具代表性的科研活动 ,对利益冲突的概念、表现及类型进行了具体的辨析 ,并归纳了一些海内外科学同行评议机构针对利益冲突的治理对策 ,对于抑制当前学术不端行为、保证学术纯洁具有一定的方法论和实践操作意义     

开放评议与双盲评议在国际科技期刊质量控制中的价值

【目的】了解国际科技期刊在开放评议和双盲评议方面的实践,探索这两种评议方式的优缺点及对科技期刊质量控制的价值。【方法】对国际科技期刊实行开放评议和双盲评议的案例进行调研,如BMC系列期刊、F1000Research、Nature系列期刊等。【结果】有越来越多的期刊在尝试这两种方式,它们在减少传统单盲评议的偏见方面发挥了一定作用,但也带来了新的问题。【结论】开放评议和双盲评议适合于不同类型的期刊。期刊应根据自身的学科特点、学术定位来选择适合自己的同行评议方式,并在实践中不断评估,对之进行适当的调整。     

Click data as implicit relevance feedback in web search

Search sessions consist of a person presenting a query to a search engine, followed by that person examining the search results, selecting some of those search results for further review, possibly following some series of hyperlinks, and perhaps backtracking to previously viewed pages in the session. The series of pages selected for viewing in a search session, sometimes called the click data, is intuitively a source of relevance feedback information to the search engine. We are interested in how that relevance feedback can be used to improve the search results quality for all users, not just the current user. For example, the search engine could learn which documents are frequently visited when certain search queries are given.     

Combining fields for query expansion and adaptive query expansion

In this paper, we aim to improve query expansion for ad-hoc retrieval, by proposing a more fine-grained term reweighting process. This fine-grained process uses statistics from the representation of documents in various fields, such as their titles, the anchor text of their incoming links, and their body content. The contribution of this paper is twofold: First, we propose a novel query expansion mechanism on fields by combining field evidence available in a corpora. Second, we propose an adaptive query expansion mechanism that selects an appropriate collection resource, either the local collection, or a high-quality external resource, for query expansion on a per-query basis. The two proposed query expansion approaches are thoroughly evaluated using two standard Text Retrieval Conference (TREC) Web collections, namely the WT10G collection and the large-scale .GOV2 collection. From the experimental results, we observe a statistically significant improvement compared with the baselines. Moreover, we conclude that the adaptive query expansion mechanism is very effective when the external collection used is much larger than the local collection.     

信息经济新时代:标准为王

本文指出信息时代的特点决定了标准是企业竞争的最核心因素,赢得了标准就意味着赢得了市场;强调了标准对市场竞争的重要作用,论述了成为标准控制者的四个有效策略。     

同行评议刍议

学术评价始于近代自然科学出现之后。专家系统自主权具有必要性。同行评议是最早的也是迄今最为合理的评价方式,同时也有必要看到它的局限性,需要不断改进完善。定量化评价有其严重的内在缺陷,只能作为同行评议的辅助手段。我国当前的同行评议活动问题不少,亟待改革。     

Stability robustness of linear output feedback systems with both time-varying structured and unstructured parameter uncertainties as well as delayed perturbations

This paper investigates the stability robustness of linear output feedback systems with both time-varying structured (elemental) and unstructured (norm-bounded) parameter uncertainties as well as delayed perturbations by directly considering the mixed quadratically coupled uncertainties in the problem formulation. Based on the Lyapunov approach and some essential properties of matrix measures, two new sufficient conditions are proposed for ensuring that the linear output feedback systems with delayed perturbations as well as both time-varying structured and unstructured parameter uncertainties are asymptotically stable. The corresponding stable region, that is obtained by using the proposed sufficient conditions, in the parameter space is not necessarily symmetric with respect to the origin of the parameter space. Two numerical examples are given to illustrate the application of the presented sufficient conditions, and for the case of only considering both the delayed perturbations and time-varying structured parameter uncertainties, it can be shown that the results proposed in this paper are better than the existing one reported in the literature.