Physical Inactivity,Obesity, and Type 2 Diabetes: An Evolutionary Perspective

Physical inactivity (and unhealthy nutrition) has distorted body composition and, in turn, reordered the proportions of myocyte and adipocyte insulin receptors. Insulin acting on adipocyte receptors produces less glucose uptake than does comparable interaction with myocyte receptors. Accordingly, in individuals with disproportionate muscle/fat composition, any given glucose load requires greater-than-normal pancreatic insulin secretion for adequate disposal. This hyperinsulinemia then becomes the leading cause of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) as insulin-sensitive tissues become desensitized. Because T2DM is rooted in potentially reversible lifestyle factors, rather than focusing on the intricacies of glucoregulation at the molecular level and on testing new drugs to control blood sugar, this article calls for a new prevention and treatment paradigm, in which exercise and weight control are essential and for which an inexpensive and acceptably accurate measure of body muscle and fat proportions is needed.     

Cultural Differences in Garnering Social Capital on Facebook: French People Prefer Close Ties and Americans Prefer Distant Ties

The link between social capital (SC) and Facebook has been widely studied in the U.S., and less is known about how students from different cultures use the site to garner SC. We measured network composition, communication on Facebook, and SC via questionnaires in France and the U.S. We found that American students have a greater proportion of distant to close ties in their networks and higher levels of bridging SC than French, the latter preferring bonding SC. A stronger relationship between SC and communication via Facebook was observed in the U.S. These findings are explained by cultural differences in relatedness.     

A methodology for the identification of glass panes of different origin in a single stained glass window: Application on two 13th century windows

The chemical composition of 11 glass panes originating from two 13th century non-figurative windows were analyzed by means of Scanning Electron Microscopy–Energy Dispersive X-ray system (SEM-EDX). The windows were discovered in the back-wall of the triforium during the restoration of the choir of the cathedral St. Michael and St. Gudule in Brussels (Belgium). In order to determine if these windows were fabricated with glass of different origin or not, the compositional difference between the panes were compared with the variation in composition as a result of the following causes: (1) compositional fluctuation between panes cut from the same sheet of glass, (2) compositional fluctuation caused when panes are cut from different sheets that were made with the same batch, (3) compositional fluctuation caused when the glass is made from different batches at the same production center, and (4) compositional fluctuation as a result of glass produced at different fabrication centers.     

有氧运动与补充茶多酚对高脂膳食大鼠糖脂代谢及炎症因子TNF-α和IL-6的影响

目的:研究有氧运动和补充茶多酚对高脂膳食大鼠糖脂代谢及炎症因子TNF-α和IL-6的影响,并探讨炎症因子TNF-α和IL-6在营养性肥胖所致的糖脂代谢异常及胰岛素抵抗中的作用。方法:3周龄SD雄性大鼠50只,随机分为普通膳食对照组(C组)、高脂膳食对照组(H组)、有氧运动组(HE组)、茶多酚组(HT组)和综合干预组(HET组)。C组以普通饲料饲养,其余各组均以高脂饲料饲养;HE组和HET组大鼠进行为期8周的无负重游泳训练;HT组和HET组大鼠每周6 D以1 g/kg体重剂量的茶多酚灌胃。8周后测试大鼠糖脂代谢相关指标及炎症因子TNF-α和IL-6。结果:与C组相比,H组大鼠体重显著增加,血清GLU、TC、TG和FINS显著增加,血清和脂肪组织中TNF-α和IL-6显著增加;与H组相比,HE组、HT组和HET组大鼠上述指标有所降低,而以HET组降低幅度最为显著。结论:有氧运动和补充茶多酚均可改善高脂膳食引起的糖脂代谢异常和胰岛素抵抗,且以联合应用有氧运动和补充茶多酚的综合干预措施效果最为显著。有氧运动和补充茶多酚对高脂膳食所致糖脂代谢异常和胰岛素抵抗的改善作用与其抑制脂肪组织炎症因子TNF-α和IL-6的表达和分泌密切相关。     

投掷运动员体成分的调查分析

通过对受试者体成分皮褶厚度的测定,并对其派生指标的比较发现：投掷选手皮脂较厚,其中重器械投掷选手达到肥胖标准。分析认为,这是由于其肌肉体积逐渐增大的同时,总伴随着皮下脂肪逐渐堆积的结果。肥胖不仅影响运动的效果,对身体健康也不利。建议投掷选手在促使肌肉体积增大的同时应积极采取消除脂肪的措施。     

高师体育专业实施“指导教师制”培养模式研究

运用问卷调查、文献资料法,主要针对高师体育专业毕业论文写作及综合能力培养中存在的问题,剖析导致原因,提出构建“指导教师制”(Faculty Adviser System)培养模式将是解决该问题的重要途径,结果对我国高师体育专业学生培养质量的提高、适应社会能力的增强将具有重要意义。     

大众艺术健身操对女子体成份影响的实验研究

利用"Bios pace"身体成份分析仪,对大众健身操女子体成份特征及其分布特征进行研究.结果发现体脂及体脂比率、总体液及比率、躯干体液及比率、细胞内液、细胞内液/细胞外液比值和上臂肌肉周长及上臂周长均无显著性,较高于普通人;细胞外液和上臂周差无显著性差异,较低于普通人;腹部脂肪比率及肥胖度、蛋白质含量及比率、肢体体液及比率、无机质含量具有显著性差异,高于普通人水平;去脂体重及体重比率具有非常显著性差异.     

中学作文教学原则初探

造成中学作文教学质量和效率低下的根本原因是教学过程和教学方法的非科学化.科学化的作文教学必须从"学习和掌握语言"的本质和规律出发,遵循作文教学的原则,即语文基本能力发展与思维品质培养相结合的原则、先放后收的原则、教师下水的原则.     

澳门学生的体脂率以及与部分运动素质项目的相关研究

通过对澳门青少年的体质调查和统计分析,得出澳门青少年的体脂率均数、年龄变化及性别差异;得出澳门青少年相邻年龄组体脂率均数差别的检验结果、体指率分布的正态性检验结果、体脂率与部分运动素质项目相关分析的结果,为体育教育和健康辅导等提供依据性资料。     

游泳锻炼10个月后青少年体质的变化

对持续进行10个月游泳锻炼的60名大学一年级女学生锻炼前后身体成分和心肺功能进行测试分析。结果显示,长期游泳锻炼可一定程度降低女大学生体脂百分比,减轻体重,减慢安静心率、呼吸频率,降低血压,提高肺活量。提示游泳锻炼有利于保持大学生体型健美,改善其心血管、呼吸系统功能。