Altmetrics视角下颠覆性技术的社会影响力探测研究

[目的/意义]开展颠覆性技术的社会影响力研究,可以探究颠覆性技术社会影响力的扩散特征,为潜在颠覆性技术的识别提供新的思路。[方法/过程]文章以政、产、学三方认可的颠覆性技术领域作为研究对象,以Altmetric.com平台为数据来源,获取各颠覆性技术领域内科学研究成果的多种社会媒体关注度指标,将这些关注度指标作为颠覆性技术产生的社会影响力的量化表征;最后,立足于时间和空间分布特征,探析各技术社会影响力所具有共通的扩散性、差异性、持续性、多样性、均衡性和积聚性特征。[结果/结论]从扩散性、差异性、持续性、多样性、均衡性和集聚性等6个方面获取了12项颠覆性技术具有的共性特征与结论的应用场景。     

文化创意众筹平台的项目融资绩效研究

   我国进入经济转型机遇期以来,一种新兴的互联网金融模式—众筹,给初创企业及个人创业者提供了全新的营销方式和筹资渠道。众筹融资绩效不仅是创新项目发起人关注的核心问题,也是众筹平台兴衰的决定因素。本文基于创新扩散理论,对众筹项目特征进行理论抽象,构建创新项目融资绩效的影响机制模型,实证分析相对优势、兼容性和可观察性创新特征对众筹项目融资绩效的影响,并探讨项目状态和发起人信息披露在此影响机制中的调节效应。研究结果表明：众筹项目的相对优势和兼容性特征均正向影响众筹项目融资绩效;项目状态和发起人信息披露均正向调节相对优势与项目融资绩效的关系,而负向调节可观察性与项目融资绩效的关系;仅发起人信息披露负向调节兼容性与项目融资绩效的关系。     

创新型城市试点建设的“以点带面”效应研究

本文从创新型城市试点建设的视角检验“以点带面”这一中国特色改革举措产生作用的过程与机理。以创新型城市试点建设为准自然实验,构建双重差分模型,检验该政策的实施对邻近城市创新活动的影响。研究发现：①创新型城市试点建设对邻近城市产生了“示范效应”,提升了其创新水平;“示范效应”具有空间差异性,东部地区最大;“示范效应”具有动态波动性,随时间变迁起伏变化。②“示范效应”具有城市异质性,在不同邻近距离、不同等级城市间均表现不同。③创新型城市试点建设通过政府政策制定的邻里效应和促进试点邻近城市创新要素集聚共同产生影响。本文的研究一方面为创新型城市试点建设的综合评价提供了新视角,另一方面也为政策措施的改进提供了思路。     

城市生活垃圾分类政策扩散影响因素研究——基于261个地级市的事件史分析

厘清生活垃圾分类政策扩散的时空分布特征及其动因能够加速政策落地,进而改善城市环境治理。本文以261个地级市的生活垃圾分类政策扩散为研究对象,构建了包含问题需求、政策企业家、合法性以及能力4个维度的政策扩散影响因素模型。结果发现：①生活垃圾分类政策扩散在时间上呈现S型曲线样态,在空间上则凸显区域示范和邻近效应;②生活垃圾分类政策扩散受多重因素综合作用,同级竞争压力、财政能力、上级强制压力以及问题显著性是该政策扩散的主要动因,流于形式的政府注意力则有可能阻碍政策扩散;③政策扩散的影响因素存在时空差异,财政能力和上级强制压力,同级竞争压力和财政能力,以及同级竞争压力分别是2003—2011年、2012—2016年和2017—2020年时段的主要驱动因素,而促成东、中、西区域政策采纳的影响因素组合亦有所不同。因此,地方政府政策采纳应主动结合辖区治理实际“量体裁衣”;亟需发挥政府主体在政策议程设置和政策执行中的关键作用;最后还需辩证看待上级强制压力对于政策扩散的强驱动效应,辅之以激励考核机制以营造“竞相争先”的创新氛围。     

The value of neurosurgical and intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging and diffusion tensor imaging tractography in clinically integrated neuroanatomy modules: A cross‐sectional study

Neuroanatomy is considered to be one of the most difficult anatomical subjects for students. To provide motivation and improve learning outcomes in this area, clinical cases and neurosurgical images from diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) tractographies produced using an intraoperative magnetic resonance imaging apparatus (MRI/DTI) were presented and discussed during integrated second‐year neuroanatomy, neuroradiology, and neurosurgery lectures over the 2008–2011 period. Anonymous questionnaires, evaluated according to the Likert scale, demonstrated that students appreciated this teaching procedure. Academic performance (examination grades for neuroanatomy) of the students who attended all integrated lectures of neuroanatomy, was slightly though significantly higher compared to that of students who attended these lectures only occasionally or not at all (P=0.04). Significantly better results were obtained during the national progress test (focusing on morphology) by students who attended the MRI/DTI‐assisted lectures, compared to those who did so only in part or not at all, compared to the average student participating in the national test. These results were obtained by students attending the second, third and, in particular, the fourth year (P≤0.0001) courses during the three academic years mentioned earlier. This integrated neuroanatomy model can positively direct students in the direction of their future professional careers without any extra expense to the university. In conclusion, interactive learning tools, such as lectures integrated with intraoperative MRI/DTI images, motivate students to study and enhance their neuroanatomy education. Anat Sci Educ 6: 294–306. © 2013 American Association of Anatomists.     

Academic Engagement and Perceptions of Quality in Distance Education

The development of e-education has enabled distance education to overcome the lack of interactivity inherent in earlier forms of distance education based on correspondence and mass media, but it looks as if it is also pushing up the costs of distance education. In the 1960s and 1970s, the cost structure of distance education, and its ability to lower educational costs, was seen as a distinct advantage in the face of the need to expand educational provision. With the world population forecast to grow by over three billions in the next 50 years, the need for cheap ways of educating people must be paramount. This article asks just how relevant it is to global educational needs to develop more expensive forms of distance education that, in the absence of public funding, place increased financial burdens on the students.     

Resourceful Blogging: Using a Blog for Information Sharing

ABSTRACT

In an effort to help raise awareness about the need for disaster planning in health sciences libraries, emergency response planners at the Claude Moore Health Sciences Library at the University of Virginia considered how best to promote the idea and provide a forum for gathering and exchanging information, while maintaining control over content in order to keep the focus and the quality of the entries consistent. The blog they created has been successful in providing much-needed assistance to hospital libraries and other libraries, both large and small, as well as for individuals and other organizations worldwide.     

高校田径运动会改为体育节的可行性研究

采用文献资料、调查、访谈和比较的方法，在分析传统田径运动会不能适应新时期高校体育改革需要的同时，从不同方面对运动会改为体育节的可行性进行论证。结果表明：师生对体育节新颖的项目设置、赛程安排、赛事组织及总体评价均有较高的满意度，对高校田径运动会的改革调动了各方面的积极性，提高了学生的体育参与意识，满足了学生的参赛欲望，增加参赛人数，它比举办单一的田径运动会效果要好，改革具有积极的意义，在实践中是可行的。     

宁、苏、锡、常等城市群众体育活动特征分析

采用凯尼恩 (ATPA)量表和社会学方法 ,对宁、苏、锡、常等城市 (镇 )群众体育活动进行抽样调查 ,且探索了体育参与和社交、身心健康、审美、精神解脱、改善心理品质和磨难的密切关系 ,为全民健身计划提供参考依据。     

Three Options Are Optimal for Multiple-Choice Items: A Meta-Analysis of 80 Years of Research

Multiple-choice items are a mainstay of achievement testing. The need to adequately cover the content domain to certify achievement proficiency by producing meaningful precise scores requires many high-quality items. More 3-option items can be administered than 4- or 5-option items per testing time while improving content coverage, without detrimental effects on psychometric quality of test scores. Researchers have endorsed 3-option items for over 80 years with empirical evidence—the results of which have been synthesized in an effort to unify this endorsement and encourage its adoption.