合作数字参考咨询系统实例研究——VRD合作体系分析

文章着重详细分析了美国的合作数字参考咨询项目VRD的情况，并对它的合作策略、框架内容、对象、服务模式进行了总结，以期为我国数字参考咨询服务的发展提供有益的借鉴。     

改革开放40年我国中小学教材建设的成就、问题与应对

改革开放40年来,中小学教材建设取得了突出的成就。中国特色的教材管理体制基本形成,教材多样化的格局初见成效,教材立体化的体系初步构建,教材质量逐步提高,社会资源广泛参与教材建设,教材研究日益被重视。但需要高度关注的问题有:数字教材的管理与研究,国际学校教材的监管,对港澳台地区教材的关注,少数民族教材建设等。笔者认为,应该成立教材第三方评价机构,加强少数民族教材的开发与研究,建立和完善数字教材的管理规范,完善和落实对国际学校的课程与教材的监管制度,筹建教材资源中心和研究基地。     

麻省理工学院新工程教育改革的形成、内容及内在逻辑

麻省理工学院进行的三次工程教育改革举世瞩目。2017年8月,该校启动了新一轮工程教育改革,其宗旨是培养能够引领未来产业发展的领导型工科人才,改革的内容涵盖工程教育的出发点、重心、教学方式和发展方向,体现出多重逻辑:从现实到未来的取向,从学科和心理的分离到整合,从学科隔离到跨学科合作,从工程实践的回归到工程教育育人本质的回归等。虽然此次改革仍存在质量保障及认证等方面的问题,但大胆创新的麻省理工精神却再次引发各国关注。该校能否以此改革契机,开启第四次工程教育改革新时代,引领世界高等工程教育发展的新方向,成了举世关注的焦点。     

Disciplined freedom,branded authenticity,and dependable independence: how tensions enact flexibility in lifestyle blogging careers

Analyzing 219 blog posts from 52 self-employed women lifestyle bloggers in North America, this study shows how these digital professionals navigate tensions and communicatively constitute work flexibility. In their narratives, women bloggers employed tension management approaches such as reframing, continual connections, and reflective practice in response to tensions in enacting temporal–spatial, identity, and financial flexibility. Specifically, women followed oxymoronic constructions – disciplined freedom, branded authenticity, and dependable independence – to embrace and transform competing poles of fluidity?structure, authenticity?marketability, and independence?interconnection. Expanding work–life research to the self-employed digital labor context, this study responds to recent calls to uncover more-than tension management strategies in empirical settings and contributes to a tension-centered, contextual, and processual analysis of workplace flexibility construction.     

Technological capital: an alternative to the digital divide

This paper identifies individuals’ accumulated history with Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) as a replacement for the contested and outdated term ‘digital divide.’ We propose that an individual’s ability to benefit from their technological history consists of four factors: awareness, knowledge, access, and technological capacity of the user’s social collective. Together, these factors make up the individual’s level or amount of Technological Capital. The development of this construct was based on empirical research conducted in Soweto, South Africa, and through an analysis of the literature on assessing individuals’ accumulated histories. The concept of technological capital has the potential for application in fields in which ICTs are used for communication, capacity building, and identifying barriers to adoption of new technologies. The use of the concept may have implications for policy decisions, resource allocation, and future research into differences among individuals’ and communities’ ability to benefit from the introduction of new technologies.     

基于主题图的非物质文化遗产数字资源整合实证分析

[目的/意义]非物质文化遗产资源具有重要的社会价值,将主题图技术应用于非物质文化遗产数字资源的整合中,能够更好地实现非物质文化遗产数字资源的传承与保护。[方法/过程]在分析非物质文化遗产数字资源的主题、关联关系和资源标引的基础上,构建非物质文化遗产数字资源主题图并实现其可视化。[结果/结论]研究结果显示,主题图技术的应用可以为非物质文化遗产数字资源提供基于语义的整合,并将主题之间的关联直观地展示给用户,为用户提供可视化导航。     

Religiosity and the digital divide in Canada

The digital divide refers to the differential patterns of Internet access adoption and usage across different segments of populations. The digital divide has been linked to demographic variables such as age and gender, and socioeconomic characteristics such as education and income. Using a nationally representative Canadian survey (N = 27,223) conducted in 2013, this paper investigates whether religiosity has an independent effect on the digital divide, accounting for the previously validated predictors of Internet use. Religiosity is found to negatively associate with Internet access and activity, controlling for a large set of characteristics such as age, ethnicity, education, and income. The religiosity-related gaps in the usage patterns appear to indicate lifestyle differences for those without any tie with religion compared with the individuals of average religiosity. For the very religious, the gaps indicate that they utilize the Internet for social networking less than others. Various implications are discussed.     

Spatial Discovery of Linked Research Datasets and Documents at a Spatially Enabled Research Library

Current publishing practices in academia tend to result in datasets that are difficult to discover. This is because datasets are not well-integrated across academic domains and they are often not linked to the documents that reference them. For these reasons, discovering datasets across domains can be challenging; for example, discovering archeological observations and biological specimens using the same search is not widely supported, even if both datasets share a similar spatial extent, like Mesoamerica. It is also challenging to retrieve relevant documents that reference datasets; for example, retrieving a series of field reports that reference archeological observations is typically not supported. Our work develops an extensible method for: (1) geographically integrating collections across disciplinary repositories and (2) connecting datasets to related documents. We describe a collection of spatially-referenced researcher datasets, capturing their metadata elements and encoding them as linked open data. We then leverage existing library services to formalize links from datasets to documents. The system described in this work has been deployed, resulting in an experimental open data site for the UCSB campus. Results indicate that this system can be scaled-up with support from an institutional repository in the near future.     

From Archive,to Access,to Experience––Historical Documents as a Basis for Immersive Experiences

Libraries have been the key to preserving culture and historic legacy for centuries. One such treasure cataloged in The Pennsylvania State University (Penn State) Libraries is a collection of over 33,000 Sanborn? Fire Insurance Maps. Originally kept safe in metal drawers, the library has embarked on a journey to digitize this abundance of information, combine it with other media such as photographs, and make it accessible through a web interface. Inspired by these efforts, we accessed this information and took it to the next level. Using state of the art 3D modeling and immersive technologies, we created a historic 3D model and immersive experiences of Penn State, exemplarily for the 1922 campus. The resulting experiences can be accessed through the web but also through head mounted displays (HMDs) and mobile phones in combination with VR viewers such as the Google Cardboard. Additionally, they can be used anywhere in the world or on the campus itself as a way to enable remote and in situ experiences and learning. Immersive experiences let us connect to the past, the present and the future, and as such offer value to digital cultural heritage efforts.     

An impulse to exploit: the behavioral turn in data-driven marketing

Industry advocates argue that by tailoring services and commercial solicitations to match media users’ personal interests, data-driven marketing benefits both consumers and businesses. This article shows, however, that advertisers and marketers who are taking up ideas and techniques from behavioral economics tell their clients a very different story about the aims and use of digital marketing and consumer surveillance. Listening in on this discourse demonstrates that some digital marketers conceptualize their own practices as forms of social control, appropriating concepts from behavioral economics to identify consumers’ cognitive and affective biases and target their vulnerabilities. Behavioral economics recognizes that economic decisions are not simply dictated by rational self-interest; rather, such choices depend on cognitive heuristics and habits, and can be manipulated through the design of “choice architecture.” This article discusses implications of the behavioral turn in data-driven marketing for critical advertising scholars, public advocates, and regulators.