Religiosity and the digital divide in Canada

The digital divide refers to the differential patterns of Internet access adoption and usage across different segments of populations. The digital divide has been linked to demographic variables such as age and gender, and socioeconomic characteristics such as education and income. Using a nationally representative Canadian survey (N = 27,223) conducted in 2013, this paper investigates whether religiosity has an independent effect on the digital divide, accounting for the previously validated predictors of Internet use. Religiosity is found to negatively associate with Internet access and activity, controlling for a large set of characteristics such as age, ethnicity, education, and income. The religiosity-related gaps in the usage patterns appear to indicate lifestyle differences for those without any tie with religion compared with the individuals of average religiosity. For the very religious, the gaps indicate that they utilize the Internet for social networking less than others. Various implications are discussed.     

Spatial Discovery of Linked Research Datasets and Documents at a Spatially Enabled Research Library

Current publishing practices in academia tend to result in datasets that are difficult to discover. This is because datasets are not well-integrated across academic domains and they are often not linked to the documents that reference them. For these reasons, discovering datasets across domains can be challenging; for example, discovering archeological observations and biological specimens using the same search is not widely supported, even if both datasets share a similar spatial extent, like Mesoamerica. It is also challenging to retrieve relevant documents that reference datasets; for example, retrieving a series of field reports that reference archeological observations is typically not supported. Our work develops an extensible method for: (1) geographically integrating collections across disciplinary repositories and (2) connecting datasets to related documents. We describe a collection of spatially-referenced researcher datasets, capturing their metadata elements and encoding them as linked open data. We then leverage existing library services to formalize links from datasets to documents. The system described in this work has been deployed, resulting in an experimental open data site for the UCSB campus. Results indicate that this system can be scaled-up with support from an institutional repository in the near future.     

An impulse to exploit: the behavioral turn in data-driven marketing

Industry advocates argue that by tailoring services and commercial solicitations to match media users’ personal interests, data-driven marketing benefits both consumers and businesses. This article shows, however, that advertisers and marketers who are taking up ideas and techniques from behavioral economics tell their clients a very different story about the aims and use of digital marketing and consumer surveillance. Listening in on this discourse demonstrates that some digital marketers conceptualize their own practices as forms of social control, appropriating concepts from behavioral economics to identify consumers’ cognitive and affective biases and target their vulnerabilities. Behavioral economics recognizes that economic decisions are not simply dictated by rational self-interest; rather, such choices depend on cognitive heuristics and habits, and can be manipulated through the design of “choice architecture.” This article discusses implications of the behavioral turn in data-driven marketing for critical advertising scholars, public advocates, and regulators.     

Digital Inclusion in Library Context: A Perspective from Users with Print Disability

Digital inclusion is a strategy pursued to foster social inclusion of those who have been sidelined from the mainstream of information society due to lack of access to digital technologies and the skills to use them. Libraries have been working to close the gap by providing access to computers, the Internet, digital content, and digital literacy programs. However, research reveals a new type of divide where digitally competent people could be digitally excluded. This shows the need for a better conceptualization of access and literacy. This paper commits to exploring the concept of access to digital content from the perspective of people with print disability. It involved in-depth interviews with ten participants with print disability where the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health was used as a framework for data analysis. The overall analysis shows that digital inclusion would be more meaningful if it involved providing content in alternative formats and empowering users to make informed choices. Issues such as flexibility and adaptability in content presentation and design of content discovery tools are among those discussed.     

制度组态视角下数字生态激发创业活跃度的多元路径——基于NCA与fsQCA的研究

如何优化数字生态环境激发区域创业活跃度是亟待解决的重要管理问题。本文基于制度逻辑理论,采用必要条件分析（NCA）与模糊集定性比较分析（fsQCA）方法,以中国31个省区市为案例,检验了数字政府、数字基础、数字经济、数字能力与数字社会5个条件对区域创业活跃度的组态效应。研究结果表明：数字政府、数字基础、数字经济是区域创业活跃度的必要条件,其重要性程度依次为数字政府、数字基础与数字经济。存在“政府统筹—市场决定型“”政府赋能—市场调节型“”市场调节—社会助力型“”政府统筹—社会助力型”4类产生高创业活跃度的制度组态。存在3类产生非高创业活跃度的制度组态,呈现出以下2个特征：数字生态中各要素均表现不佳;在缺少政府统筹或赋能的情况下,即使市场发挥调节作用,也不能产生高区域创业活跃度。研究揭示了数字生态影响创业活跃度的多元路径,对优化地区数字生态环境,更好激发市场主体创业活力具有重要的实践启示。     

数字平台生态嵌入对商业模式创新的影响研究——基于资源编排理论的视角

数字平台生态系统是缓解企业资源与能力约束进而推动企业实现商业模式创新的重要载体,但数字平台生态嵌入如何影响商业模式创新尚未被充分揭示。基于资源编排理论,构建并检验了数字平台生态嵌入通过能力进化式重构与能力替代式重构作用于商业模式创新的双中介模型,并探讨了组织敏捷性的调节作用。研究发现：数字平台生态嵌入正向影响商业模式创新;能力进化式重构与能力替代式重构在数字平台生态嵌入与商业模式创新的关系中起双中介作用;组织敏捷性不仅会强化数字平台生态嵌入与能力进化式重构和能力替代式重构之间的正向关系,还会正向强化数字平台生态嵌入通过能力进化式重构与替代式重构影响商业模式创新的中介路径。研究结论丰富了商业模式创新的前因研究,并为企业嵌入数字平台生态系统进行商业模式创新提供了实践启示。     

制造业配套企业设计制造一体化管理构想

通过分析制造业配套企业数字化设计中心所采用的技术,从产品设计流程角度提出数字化设计中心对产品设计的支持方案。在此基础上,提出了数字化设计中心所采用对企业提供在线业务应用服务和管理的服务模式。     

数字化校园建设初探

分析了当前校园信息化以及数字化校园建设和应用的现状,提出数字化校园建设的总体原则和实现目标,通过分析数字化校园要建设的科研信息化、教学信息化、管理信息化、学生数字化生活体验等内容,提出数字化校园建设的总体方案。     

Java智能卡系统软件的安全性研究

安全性是Java智能卡最重要的指标之一。本文根据Java智能卡的应用特点,从系统软件的角度对Java智能卡的安全性进行了详细的研究,着重研究了多个应用共存于Java智能卡时确保数据安全的防火墙结构,尽可能地保证卡内数据完整性的原子性和事务处理机制,以及利用密码技术保证卡内动态下载的Applet安全性的措施,并提出了相应的设计方案。     

我国文献信息管理系统灾难备份的思考

数据的大集中有利于信息服务,但放大了数据灾难。在各类灾难备份(以下简称“灾备”)方案纷纷投向市场的今天,文献信息管理系统灾备方案的选择预伏了风险。怎样考虑灾备方案的建立,我国数字信息面临哪些灾难,哪些灾难可能通过科学的管理化解或降低其危害程度,文献信息管理系统如何选择灾备级别,我国图书馆、档案馆灾备中心建设的模式选择等,都是这篇文章讨论的焦点。