The role of technological catch up and domestic market growth in the genesis of emerging country based multinationals

The paper presents a model that evaluates how upgraded technological capabilities of emerging country based multinationals (EMNCs) and an increase in the domestic market size of large emerging countries affect value chain location choices and the competitiveness of emerging country based firms versus advanced country based ones. The model shows that, even without possessing a competitive advantage in terms of technology and/or brands, EMNCs from large or rapidly technologically advancing countries can become dominant players in the global system. The model highlights the central role of firm level technological intensity and product differentiation in determining the location of value chain activities as well as defining organisational boundaries. Empirical analysis of the location choices of the world's top multinationals from large advanced and emerging countries in 2010 supports the model's predictions.     

Does the Great Firewall Really Isolate the Chinese? Integrating Access Blockage With Cultural Factors to Explain Web User Behavior

The dominant understanding of Internet censorship posits that blocking access to foreign-based websites creates isolated communities of Internet users. We question this discourse for its assumption that if given access people would use all websites. We develop a conceptual framework that integrates access blockage with social structures to explain Web users’ choices, and argue that users visit websites they find culturally proximate and that access blockage matters only when such sites are blocked. We examine the case of China, where online blockage is notoriously comprehensive, and compare Chinese Web usage patterns with those elsewhere. Analyzing audience traffic among the 1000 most visited websites, we find that websites cluster according to language and geography. Chinese websites constitute one cluster, which resembles other such geolinguistic clusters in terms of both its composition and its degree of isolation. Our sociological investigation reveals a greater role of cultural proximity than access blockage in explaining online behaviors.     

对当前大学生考研与就业抉择心理的分析与引导

对于在校生来说,在考研与就业问题上最大的困惑就是“直接就业好,还是考研好？”造成大家难以取舍的根本原因还是现实的利益关系复杂,鱼和熊掌难以兼得。作为老师,要帮助学生摆正心态,科学分析两者的利弊关系,做出最适合自己的选择。     

MCAI课件教学媒体的设计与选择

教学媒体作为储存、承载和传递教学信息的载体或工具,在整个教学过程中发挥着十分重要的作用。在开发和制作MCAI课件的过程以及设计和选择教学媒体时,应该坚持教学媒体设计与选择的四个基本原则,并注意八个方面的问题,才能真正发挥其教学作用。     

论高校体育健康能力培养模式的教材选择与条件要素

从界定能力、体育健康能力、体育健康能力培养模式的概念人手，指出对大学生进行体育健康能力培养是高校体育课程的出发点和归宿，并对体育健康能力培养模式的教材选择和条件要素进行探讨。     

The Skills of Practical Writing for Tour Guide(Ⅱ)--Points for Attention

Totranslatetravelcommentary,manyplacesshould bepaidattention.Howevertherearethreekeypointsthat atourguideshouldgivemoreattentionto.Theyarethe interpretationofthesourcelanguage,structureofthe targetlanguageandchoiceoftherightword.Thefollowing isadiscussionaboutthesepointsforattention. i.Interpretationofthesourcelanguage Intranslating,understandingtotheoriginaltextisthe firststep.Differentunderstandingmakesdifferent translation.Itisthepre-conditiontomakeagoodversion. Therefore,readingtheorigin…     

1956年苏联对匈牙利政治干预的最初尝试

苏共“二十大”以后,苏联为了加强其对东欧国家的控制,巩固这些国家的稳定,用政治手段干预这些国家的内政,扶持那些既能控制动荡局势、又能忠于苏联的东欧国家领导人上台执政。“匈牙利事件”爆发前,为缓和匈牙利的国内局势,在不得已的情况下,苏联从开始支持拉科西到后来以格罗取代之,但实质上是换汤不换药。苏联对匈牙利的早期政治干预,不仅没有达到预期效果,反而在一定程度上激化了匈牙利劳动人民党的党内矛盾,刺激了匈牙利国内强烈的仇俄与反苏情绪,强化了匈牙利业已存在的紧张的国内气氛,为后来发生的“匈牙利事件”埋下了伏笔,也为“匈牙利事件”的悲剧结局拉开了帷幕。     

Studying parental involvement and university access and choice: An ‘interacting multiple capitals’ model

Capital‐embedded parental involvement in education is essential in enhancing university enrolment and maximising the educational potentials for equality and excellence. Previous studies in this field have mainly utilised Perna's ( 2000 , 2006 ) model, which defines parental involvement as social capital and identifies the additive influences of different types of capital (including social, economic and cultural capital) on university access and choice. Yet, little research to date theorises and disaggregates the interplay among various types of capital as well as the multiplicative capital effects on enrolment. This study addressed this gap. We proposed an ‘interacting multiple capitals’ (IMC) model and hypothesised that parental social capital could moderate the effects of cultural and economic capital on entry to university. To validate the model, a pilot survey was administered to 216 university students of Korean ethnicity in China and investigated the models of involvement adopted by Korean parents in the context of the increasing labour mobility of the Korean adult population. Moderated multiple regression analysis was employed and the results confirmed the hypothesis that capital effects upon university access and choice were multiplicative in nature, with social capital moderating the cultural capital influence on students’ educational aspirations. The study findings show that the interaction of various types of capital variables is sufficiently statistically significant to warrant future research and policy and practical discussion of how to promote parental involvement in university preparation and planning.     

Optimization and Its Alternative in Media Choice: A Model of Reliance on Social-Influence Processes

In the reconciliation of rational-choice and social-influence approaches to media choice offered here, the choice process is decomposed into two subprocesses. In the first subprocess—that of rational choice—decisional ambiguity frustrates complete optimization. Optimization is partial, yielding a set of effectively interchangeable media alternatives over which the user is indecisive. In the second subprocess—that of social influence—imitation, deference, and other cues act on the set of interchangeables, yielding a single ultimate choice. If in the social-influence subprocess there are benefits to coordinating with others, group choice crystallizes around a single media alternative. If these benefits are absent, individual choice remains idiosyncratic, with each decision maker making random choices within the set of interchangeables. In organizational life, media choice transpires sequentially, with each choice conditioning a succeeding one. In its dynamic form, the present model explicitly incorporates such sequential environments: The twofold choice process transpires iteratively within individual decision sites (in the multiple purchasing decisions of a committee, for example) and sequentially across decision sites (from committee to individual, for example). The model generates considerable empirical implications. As decisional ambiguity grows, the rational-choice component of the choice process shrinks, implying upper-bound conditions for the explanatory power of rational-choice statistical models.