Optimization and Its Alternative in Media Choice: A Model of Reliance on Social-Influence Processes

In the reconciliation of rational-choice and social-influence approaches to media choice offered here, the choice process is decomposed into two subprocesses. In the first subprocess—that of rational choice—decisional ambiguity frustrates complete optimization. Optimization is partial, yielding a set of effectively interchangeable media alternatives over which the user is indecisive. In the second subprocess—that of social influence—imitation, deference, and other cues act on the set of interchangeables, yielding a single ultimate choice. If in the social-influence subprocess there are benefits to coordinating with others, group choice crystallizes around a single media alternative. If these benefits are absent, individual choice remains idiosyncratic, with each decision maker making random choices within the set of interchangeables. In organizational life, media choice transpires sequentially, with each choice conditioning a succeeding one. In its dynamic form, the present model explicitly incorporates such sequential environments: The twofold choice process transpires iteratively within individual decision sites (in the multiple purchasing decisions of a committee, for example) and sequentially across decision sites (from committee to individual, for example). The model generates considerable empirical implications. As decisional ambiguity grows, the rational-choice component of the choice process shrinks, implying upper-bound conditions for the explanatory power of rational-choice statistical models.     

CyberBabel?

The new information technologies hold out the promise of instantaneous, 24/7 connection and co-presence. But to be everywhere at once is to be effectively nowhere; to be connected to everyone and everything is to be effectively disconnected. Why then do we long for faster connections and fuller connectivity? The answer this paper proposes is that we are trying to fill our existential lack, our radical sense of inadequacy and incompleteness as human beings. From such a perspective, our pursuit of speed and connectivity is doomed to failure insofar as it only exacerbates the condition we are fleeing. Rather than rushing faster, the Buddhist-inspired solution would have us slow down and directly investigate our sense of lack.     

转基因食品标签管制与消费者的知情选择权

转基因食品的标签管制在国内外引起了广泛的争论,很多组织和某些国家政府都强调通过强制性的标签政策保障消费者的知情选择权。但是本论文通过对国内外进行的一系列调查进行分析,发现消费者对于转基因食品的态度是多元化的。强制性标签制度在保护不喜欢转基因食品消费者利益的同时,却提高了食品成本,让全社会承担了成本,并不能真正的给消费者以知情选择权。分析表明,自愿性标签制度才能真正保障消费者的知情选择权。     

Boys and machines: gendered computer identities,regulation and resistance

Students negotiate their masculine and feminine identities as students of information and communication technology (ICT) and computer users as they participate in specialist ICT courses and in other areas of their lives. As they negotiate these roles, they are established in relations of power and authority with the technology and with each other. Case study research relating to students’ experiences in specialist computer courses in a New Zealand secondary school reveals a complex and dynamic picture of identity construction and subjectivity. In constructing their personal identities as computer users, males and females experience the regulatory forces of gender relations while at the same time resisting stereotypes. Students make conscious and pragmatic decisions to pursue particular computing courses and paths as they balance their options in the realisation of their possible selves as computer users and adults in the world of work. These decisions signify regulation by and resistance to gendered power relations.     

少年犯罪刑事政策的国外审视与中国选择

少年犯罪与成年人犯罪有质的不同。因此,少年犯罪刑事政策也应与普通刑事政策有所区别。明确少年犯罪刑事政策的内涵和基本精神,才能使少年犯罪刑事政策的制定不偏离方向。研究当前国外对少年犯罪的刑事政策,明确我国少年犯罪刑事政策的应然选择,对于进一步完善我国的少年犯罪刑事政策具有重要意义。     

经济外交的兴起:内涵、机制与趋势

经济外交是全球化时代外交发展的新形式,越来越受到各国的高度重视。然而,迄今为止,人们对经济外交内涵的理解仍然十分模糊,仅仅宽泛地理解为外交与经济的结合。事实上,经济外交必须严格限定其范围,才能汇入一个国家的外交体系中,不至于与外交系统发生冲撞而造成严重后果。从严格的经济外交内涵出发,经济外交仅仅包括对外援助、经济合作和经济制裁三种形式。从世界经济政治化和国际政治经济化的双重趋势出发,经济外交在未来还将有更大的发展。     

试论当前中国和平发展战略环境变化与外交选择

后金融危机时代的世界局势更加变幻莫测,以一种独特的方式和速度把中国推向了世界舞台的中心。在当前风云变幻异常迅猛的国际形势下如何更好坚持和平发展,就是在被动接受的环境变化中的主动的选择了。     

意象图式理论在双宾语结构转换教学中的运用

意象图式是在认知语言学中广泛使用的一个重要概念,它们将生活经验和语言这样的更高层次上的认知域连接起来。意象图式对二语习得尤其是介词习得具有重要作用,因此意象图式理论可以运用到双宾语结构转换中对介词To和For的选择上。此理论也可以运用到跟别的动态动词搭配时介词TO与FOR的选择上,并且需作更进一步的研究。     

从文化哲学的视角反思当代中国武术的发展问题

中国武术是中华民族优秀的传统文化,在其发展过程当中体现出中国传统文化的思想与内涵.无论是以“人世”观为代表的竞技武术还是以“出世”观为代表的传统武术,在全球化时代背景下,中国武术的发展可谓是步履艰辛与困难重重.运用逻辑分析法、文献资料法等研究方法,从文化哲学的视角对中国武术发展中两难抉择的原因进行了反思:其一,异质文化的融合导致中国武术精神层的散失;其二,文化模式的变异导致中国武术传承场的缺失;其三,“文化滞差”导致中国武术发展目标的迷失.     

经济发达地区城市居民的体育生活方式及其价值选择——以健美操受众者为研究个案

以广州、上海、深圳和北京四个经济发达地区的城市健美操受众者为研究对象,运用文献资料、问卷调查、数理统计和逻辑分析等方法对体育生活方式、受众人群特征、受众者价值选择与接受程度等进行研究。结果表明:不同地区的城市居民的闲暇时间和参与体育锻炼的时间存在差异,差异的产生与工作压力和闲暇时间相关联;北京地区的受众者年体育消费支出最多,体育消费与经济发展与物价水平相关联;健美操的受众人群中以中青年为主且呈高学历趋势;受众者对健美操的支持和喜爱程度较高,项目具有较好的发展前景;促进健康、改善生理机能、缓解压力和提高社会适应能力是受众者关注和喜爱该项目的主要因素。针对项目发展的影响因素提出了相关建议。