The impact of community college attendance on baccalaureate attainment

Community colleges are seen as contradictory institutions. Supporters contend that community colleges increase baccalaureate attainment by providing access to higher education for students who would otherwise not attend college, while critics argue that these institutions decrease baccalaureate attainment for students who would otherwise attend a 4-year institution. Using the National Education Longitudinal Study, this article advances the literature on the impact of community colleges on baccalaureate attainment by estimating new models that allow controlling for pathways of enrollment while using different measures of educational expectations and correcting for college choice. Findings suggest that community colleges significantly reduce the probability of attaining a bachelor’s degree, as compared to 4-year institutions, an effect that remains after having taken into account non-traditional enrollment pathways, educational expectations, and self-selection into 2-year and 4-year institutions.An earlier version of this paper was presented at the November 2004 Annual Meeting of the Association for the Study of Higher Education.     

论我国个人所得税的起征点

个人所得税是调节收入分配的直接手段, 对经济生活具有重要作用.新修订的《中华人民共和国个人所得税法》(下简称"个人所得税法")已于2006年1月1日正式施行,并将我国个人所得税的起征点由原来的800元提高到1600元.但是,此次修改后施行的新个人所得税起征点,在实体法方面仍有悖于国民待遇原则,而且在程序法方面也存在着瑕疵,未充分体现全民意识.因此,应当鉴于我国现实国情,在此基础上继续提高我国个人所得税的起征点,进一步完善我国的个人所得税相关法律制度.     

政治学:从古典主义到新古典主义

在政治学发展的系谱上,既有革命性反叛也有连续性继承。古典主义政治学所确立的政治学传统是整体主义视野下的制度中心论以及制度与价值的合一性;作为反叛政治学传统的行为主义和理性选择主义则是个体主义视野下的行为科学;而以制度为中心的新制度主义则兼具整体主义和个体主义特征,从而为整合政治学提供了可能并是通向新古典主义政治学的桥梁。新古典主义政治学包括制度中心论、政治科学与政治哲学的统一性以及整体主义与个体主义的统一性。     

Assessing the Effects of Changing Institutional Aid Policy

Since 1994, enrollments of nonresident students have been declining at The University of Iowa. Since nonresident students pay over three times as much tuition as resident students, have historically comprised 35 to 40% of each fall's incoming class, and the enrollment declines are disproportionately among high-ability students, this trend is particularly troubling. In an attempt to reverse this decline, administrators decided to offer a new scholarship to selected nonresident students. This article demonstrates how the effects of this policy proposal were modeled in an attempt to provide decision makers with timely and useful information.     

金融电子化--21世纪银行业发展的战略选择

金融电子化是世界范围内的一场金融革命，本文从金融电子化的形成等各个角度阐述了金融电子化对21世界银行业的革命性和意义。金融电子化还是金融创新与发展的动力。是商业银行未来发展的战略选择。21世纪的商业银行必须借助金融电子化手段从多方面改革业务与管理，更好地满足客户需求，更好地求得生存和发展。     

Causes of educational segregation in Sweden – school choice or residential segregation

The aims of the study were to examine changes in school segregation across different types of municipalities between 1998 and 2011 in Sweden, and to explore the extent to which these changes are the consequences of school choice. Multilevel models were applied to register data using a counterfactual approach. The results showed that school segregation with respect to migration background and educational achievement had increased over time, while social segregation remained rather constant. The degree of school segregation varied largely across different municipality types, and it was concluded that school choice was a determinant of school segregation. The findings have strong policy implications and are discussed in relation to the recent educational reforms in Sweden.     

我国遗产税制构建的现实选择

在我国1994年构建的税制体系中,遗产税作为拟开征的一个新税种引人注目。目前我国的贫富差距已经形成,并有逐步扩大的趋势。因此,开征遗产税对于增加财政收入,缓解社会分配不公,缩小贫富差距,控制两极分化等具有特别重要的现实意义。面对我国开征遗产税的迫切性和现实选择,文章立足国情,主要从遗产税的纳税人、征税对象、税率等税收课税要素以及遗产税的征收管理等方面来构建我国遗产税的基本框架。     

翻译中的意义选择

传统译论往往在翻译中的悖论上争论不休:过分强调二元对立的一方,忽视文本意义是多层次的,从而容易导致片面性的错误.本文从意义的多层次性出发,探讨了翻译中的问题主要是选择的问题,影响译者的选择的因素有翻译目的、文本类型和读者类型这三个方面.     

论邓小平外交思想的现实指导意义

本文从营造了社会主义现代化建设的良好国际环境;拓展了我国的国际生存空间;提升了我国在国际上政治、 经济、文化的地位;奠定了新世纪我国外交事业发展的良好基础;推进了国际关系民主化方向发展等五个方面进行了分析, 力图展示邓小平外交思想在中国特色社会主义建设中的巨大作用。