大学体育弱势生的成因与对策研究

体育弱势生是高校中的一个特殊群体。据调查，这一群体的学生数量近年来有逐步上升的趋势。通过将体育弱势生的现状与其他学生进行比较研究，分析产生这一特殊群体的原因和条件，并从中探寻帮助他们摆脱弱势的方法，以期为体育教学改革和素质教育提供参考。     

"以人为本"的科学发展观对普通高校体质弱势学生体育教学改革的指导探析

采用文献资料法,针对体质弱势学生的特点,对坚持“以人为本”的科学发展观指导普通高校体质弱势学生的体育教学改革作了探讨,并从学习时限的灵活性、学习内容的选择性、学力目标和学习过程的指导性、课程考察的变通性四方面提出了改革的新思路。     

论城镇社区弱势群体体育健身社会支持体系的构建

发展弱势群体体育对于促进其身心健康、维护社会稳定具有重要意义。构建城镇社区弱势群体体育健身的社会支持体系主要包括建立完善的政策法规保障体系和社会保障体系、完善社区群众体育的规范化管理体系、加强城镇社区体育文化建设等诸多方面。     

由打工文学透视打工妹的职业困境——以郑小琼、王十月作品为例

通过解析郑小琼、王十月两位作家的作品,对当下都市打工妹职业群体的生存状态进行人文考察。“铁片生存”是打工妹生活的诗性写照,反映了她们肉体的劳累与疼痛、心灵的悒郁与寂寞以及生活中的被动与冷漠。流水线作业不仅使她们的青春、爱情乃至亲情流失,而且使她们失去独立的女性自我,个人的发展被桎梏,“人”被异化为机械化大生产上的工具。打工妹的现状反映底层职业人文的缺失。只有靠社会、企业和打工妹自身共同努力,才能帮助她们走出职业困境。     

农村弱势群体的心理归因分析及化解对策

随着我国市场经济的进一步发展和社会结构转型的进一步加剧,社会分化更加明显,贫富差距逐渐加大,农村弱势群体心理问题日益凸现。其中,归因偏差是形成农村弱势群体心理问题的重要原因。要通过对农村弱势群体的心理归因分析,查找农村弱势群体心理问题产生的根源所在,有针对性地提出农村弱势群体心理归因偏差校正的化解对策。     

基于社会契约论视角的弱势群体保护

伴随着资本主义国家的建立而兴起的一种政治理论,它的很多观点无论在启蒙时代的欧洲还是在当今时代的中国都闪烁着智慧的光芒。社会契约论力求在自愿平等关系上解决社会各种矛盾,它所强调的自由、平等、人民主权等精神原则与当今中国对弱势群体的关注和保护的价值追求不尽相同。本文在重温经典的基础上以社会契约论的理念精神为切入点,为加强对弱势群体的保护提供新的理论支撑。     

国外公共图书馆弱势群体服务研究述评

与社会、经济和政治环境变化相适应,图书馆弱势群体服务的研究经历了数次话语体系更迭:19 世纪末20世纪前期公共图书馆为劳工阶级服务阶段,20世纪60至80年代以弱势群体服务为核心的社区图书馆运动和图书馆社会责任大讨论阶段,20世纪90年代信息贫穷或数字鸿沟与管理主义话语体系下的图书馆服务阶段,20世纪90年代末至今反社会排斥和社会包容话语体系下图书馆弱势群体服务阶段.研究话语体系的变化反映了图书馆实践领域关注焦点的变更,但话语体系的更迭并没有改变其反映问题的本质.倡导和实践图书馆服务的平等获取和包容性,争取为社会底层人群或弱势群体提供服务,在欧美公共图书馆发展的各个时期是一以贯之的.     

Teach For/Teach First candidates: what conclusions do they draw from their time in teaching?

Teach For and Teach First programs now constitute a significant pathway into teaching in a number of countries. One criterion for selection into these programs is leadership capacity, and evidence indicates that many candidates do move into leadership roles in education, business, and policy in the years following their time as a Teach For/Teach First candidate. Given their capacity to influence policy directions and school practice, and to speak with the authority of at least some experience in challenging schools, it is important to understand the types of conclusions they draw from their time in teaching, and the solutions they propose to the problems of educational inequality. This study set out to explore the types of attributions made by 76 Teach For candidates for the low achievement of disadvantaged students, and what they consider to be potential means of effectively addressing the achievement gap. Participants gave most importance to the types of people attracted to and retained in teaching, and placed relatively little importance on improving school resourcing or addressing systemic and structural contributions to educational disadvantage. Implications for those training and working with Teach For candidates are discussed.     

Questions and positions on education for sustainable development at university in France: example of short professional cycles

The questions focus on the emergence of education for sustainable development in the French university. The case study discusses the curricular examination of the Bachelor of Territory Professional Planning in 17 universities and the diachronic evolution, between 2001 and 2011, of their educational content around sustainable development. The analysis leads to a reflection on the specificity of French contexts, compared to international positions. Indeed, the legitimacy of the education provided is queried against the economization of the educational sphere. Didactic problems are posed by the reduction of distances between social practices and knowledge mobilized for the teachings. The evolution of the ‘school form’ and the specific place of ‘educations for’ in the framework of the institution are questioned.     

Assisting Performance in Teaching and Learning

Although Vygotskian principles involving the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) are hailed as tenets undergirding teaching and learning within a constructivist setting, these principals have not been implemented widely within school classrooms. Tharp and Gallimore, building on the notion that learning can be maximized when a teacher has a heightened awareness of a student's ZPD and stimulates new learning based upon this understanding, argue that true teaching is a matter of “assisting performance”. This study examines the efforts of one university instructor to assist the performance of her graduate students as they learned to teach, scaffold and support struggling readers. The findings suggest that the university instructor successfully assisted her students by providing supportive feedback, extending their learning and providing appropriate resources through ongoing Email correspondence and face‐to‐face meetings and tutoring sessions. Success was attributed to the instructor's extensive knowledge of supporting struggling readers, awareness of her students' ZPD's in relation to the context of their learning and her efforts to consistently provide appropriate and specific feedback through iterative dialogue.