试析高校双困生就业弱势问题现状与对策

高校"双困生"是目前高校毕业生中的弱势群体。他们在经济状况、就业技能、就业观念、性格、就业政策上都处于弱势。属于家庭经济、就业都困难的学生。针对"双困生"面临的问题,为培养更多高素质、全面发展的高等教育人才,政府和学校应建立健全相关政策、设计相关课程有针对性的关怀就业弱势群体,增强他们的核心竞争力。     

裴斯泰洛齐的社会工作理论及其启示

我国过去一直借鉴采用的以美国为中心的社会工作实务理论体系,是一种“问题解决式”理论,在新的历史背景下,已难以应对社会发展的需要,这就有必要引进以德国学者裴斯泰洛齐为代表的以“预防”为核心价值的社会工作理论.裴式理论中的教育观点无论是在家庭、学校社会工作方面,还是在反贫困社会工作方面,尤其是对弱势群体的帮扶方式方面对我国社会工作都具有重要的借鉴意义.     

试析弱势群体概念及相关研究的理论基础

所谓弱势群体是指在生活物质条件、权力和权利、社会声望、竞争能力以及发展机会等方面处于弱势地位的群体。一般可分为两类,即社会性弱势群体和生理性弱势群体。其基本特征为个人及家庭生活达不到社会认可的最基本标准。弱势群体的风险承受能力较差,可利用资源非常稀缺。往往依靠自身的力量难以改变其弱势地位,需要国家和社会力量的帮助或支持才能改变其弱势地位。弱势群体相关研究理论基础主要包括社会冲突理论、社会分层理论、公民权理论、社会达尔文主义和社会系统理论等。     

The relative difficulty of signed arithmetic story problems for primary level deaf and hard-of-hearing students

This study determines the relative difficulty and associated strategy use of arithmetic (addition and subtraction) story problems when presented in American Sign Language to primary level (K-3) deaf and hard-of-hearing students. Results showed that deaf and hard-of-hearing students may consider and respond to arithmetic story problems differently than their hearing peers, with the critical dimension in problem difficulty being based on the operation typically used to solve the problem, not the story within the problem. The types of strategies used by the students supported the order of problem difficulty. The visual-spatial nature of the problem presentation appeared not to assist the deaf and hard-of-hearing students in solving the problems. Factors that may have contributed to this pattern of problem difficulty are discussed so that educators can better align mathematics instruction to the thinking of the deaf child.     

Perceptions of pre-service teachers on mentor teachers’ roles in promoting inclusive practicum: case studies in U.S. elementary school contexts

This case study examines a Chinese and Korean-Chinese pre-service teachers’ perceptions of their mentor teachers’ role in supporting inclusive practicum experiences in USA elementary school contexts. The findings demonstrate that a mentor teacher’s open conversations and willingness to host those students bring positive influence on their learning and growth. The findings also indicate that the facilitative roles of mentor teachers in the promotion of inclusive environments are intersected with the socio-cultural and political contexts of practicum schools and universities. The study concludes with implications for enhancing the inclusion of diverse pre-service teachers through collaborative roles of multiple practicum stakeholders, including pre-service teachers, mentor teachers, practicum schools, and universities.     

Heritage education in informal contexts. Motivation and self-concept / Educación patrimonial en contextos informales. Motivación y autoconcepto

The objective of this study is to analyse differences in motivation and social self-concept in students participating in three different programmes of heritage education in informal contexts. A total of 667 secondary school students from the mining and industrial area of Bizkaia participated in the study. The results show differences in motivation between experimental and control groups before and after their participation in the inter-generational programme. Differences were also found in social self-concept after participation in the inter-generational programme and a follow-up class, after participation in the Dolores Ibarruri programme and after visiting the Mining Museum. With regard to gender, no differences are found in motivation either before or after participation, although differences are found in favour of females in social self-concept.     

Interrupting situated practices: critical incidents in international partnerships

This paper examines the initial steps of an internationally funded project focused on enhancing teachers’ conceptual and pedagogical knowledge of literacy development in the Western Cape of South Africa. We asked what are the tensions and breakthroughs when engaged in international teacher professional development? Four lines of inquiry support this work: internationalization and production of knowledge, professional development structures, communities of practice, and ethic of care. Resulting themes included initial barriers, localized professional development, and enhancing teacher capacity for change. To explain the themes, we identified four critical incidents. This study has potential to inform the international community of new directions for teacher learning.     

如何支持第一代大学生 ——美国联邦教育项目的理念与实践

“学生支持服务”项目是一项美国于20世纪60年代设立的联邦教育项目，旨在通过对第一代大学生等处境不利的学生提供支持服务，有效提高其高等教育成就。在设置理念与性质方面，该项目重视高等教育中的文化因素，采用非经济化的项目准入标准和服务内容，强调形成支持性的文化氛围，以促进处境不利学生的学业成就。在具体设置和运营方面，该项目在国家层面以法律保障项目的地位来运营，由教育部分配项目基金，而具体运作由高校开展，便于为学生提供有针对性的支持服务，三者结合构建了健全的支持体系。“学生支持服务”项目促进了美国高等教育的公平发展与质量提升，其实施经验对于完善我国普及化时代的高等教育学生支持体系有一定借鉴价值。     

中美家庭第一代大学生的不同大学境遇

长期以来，中国大学生群体中绝大多数是家庭第一代大学生。随着2019年中国迈入高等教育普及化阶段，将会有越来越多的大学生父母培养出下一代大学生。未来第一代大学生数量将逐渐减少，不再是校园中的主体人群。目前在中国顶尖大学中，家庭非第一代（第二、三代）大学生已形成一定规模，他们受惠于家庭教育，在大学中显现出学习优势。美国比中国提早半个世纪进入高等教育普及化阶段。美国第一代大学生已经呈现相当大的学业困境，种族、移民和贫困问题叠加的复杂社会背景加剧了教育弱势的代际再生产。综述一系列实证研究结果，中国第一代大学生受益于高考的学力筛选和价值导向，加之普惠公办教育和传统文化信念的赋能，短期内有可能不至于陷入美国第一代大学生的绝对弱势，有机会实现学业追赶和社会地位的跃升。但长期来看，来自体制、政策与文化的有利因素很可能逐渐削弱，需要前瞻性的学术研究和政策支持。