文化诗学与后现代主义:新历史主义的谱系研究

新历史主义批评在西方学界崛起的背景是后现代主义,它对后现代理论既有批评方法论的沿袭也有理论论本体的反叛。正是在与各种后学理论的交锋中,新历史主义明确了文化诗学的学术理想。从文化诗学的批评方法论和理论旨趣两方面,对新历史主义与后现代理论的话语关系作出适当清理,是正确理解新历史主义话语特征的前提条件,也是文化诗学的谱系学研究的重要部分。     

Adult graduates’ negotiations of age(ing) and employability

In this article, we will explore Finnish adult graduates’ social positioning in relation to age and ageing, and the new discursive framing of employability that is firmly expressed in national as well as in European policy agendas. Age is here understood as a social construction and ageing as a lifelong process. We will analyse our joint interview data of general upper secondary school and university graduates, aged 30–60, from a discursive and narrative point of view. We will explore how the adult graduates we have interviewed negotiate and interpret age(ing) in relation to the employability discourse. Furthermore, we will explore some of the consequences of undertaking formal, academically oriented education in adulthood and not normatively in youth. As a result, we argue that age(ing) may be interpreted as a positional (dis)advantage notwithstanding the chronological age of the graduate or the level of the degree achieved in adulthood. Furthermore, becoming an entrepreneur of one’s own life willing to invest in continuous learning and education is the requisite at any age, and in no lesser extent for an older adult, willing to enhance her/his employability and stay actively involved in working life.     

关于五形态理论和三形态理论的讨论--与段忠桥、奚兆永二教授商榷

本文主要讲了三个问题:⑴与段、奚二教授把马克思在《手稿》中讲的“资本主义生产以前的各种形式”及其解体这一复杂的问题简单化的作法进行商榷;⑵与段、奚二教授把马克思在《序言》中讲的亚细亚的、古代的、封建的三种生产方式与《手稿》中讲的亚细亚的、古代的、日耳曼的三种土地所有制的原始形式相混同的观点进行商榷;⑶与奚文对马克思的三种社会形态理论与五种社会形态理论之间的关系的不正确理解进行商榷。     

The social functions of teachers’ beliefs in an online class

This study presents an investigation of teachers’ beliefs about working with English learners, as constructed in online class discussions. Using conversation and discourse analysis from a discursive psychology (DP) perspective, analysis focuses on the discursive production of beliefs and the social actions achieved by this production in interaction. By orienting to teachers’ beliefs as interactionally emergent phenomena, findings highlight the ways that teachers account for their belief claims and the ways that teachers’ statements of belief work to perform certain social functions within the forum itself, including affiliation and disagreement. Implications for teacher education and for the potential of DP to contribute to research on teachers’ beliefs are discussed.     

战国时期的家庭结构

本探讨了战国时期家庭结构的外部形态和内部联系。在外部形态方面，战国时期个体小家庭在实际生活中占据着主导地位，而且从宗族中独立的倾向也日益增强；在内部联系方面，家庭成员之间的关系日益稳定、有序，父权家长制已不仅在宗族内部、更重要的是在个体家庭内部得以实现。以上表现在家庭结构两个方面的变化是战国时期家庭功能演变的决定性因素。     

“White supremacy in heels”: (white) feminism,white supremacy,and discursive violence

ABSTRACT

As a progressive intervention into patriarchy, feminism has traditionally centered (white) women's experience, yet when sex and gender are combined with race, feminism tends to lose its progressive edge. We argue that (white) feminism ideologically grounds itself in a gendered victimology that masks its participation and functionality in white supremacy. By erasing women of color, positioning women as victims of white male hegemony, and failing to hold white women accountable for the production and reproduction of white supremacy, (white) feminism manifests its allegiance to whiteness and in doing so commits “discursive violence”. We end with calling for ideological intersectionality as a possible corrective.     

Hegemonic speech genres of classrooms and their importance for RE learning

The purpose of this article is to illustrate how potential learning is related to hegemonic speech genres. This we do through examples from two religious education (RE) classrooms, one Norwegian and one Swedish. By presenting important dimensions of speech genres used in RE classrooms, the article also contributes to developing theory. The theoretical perspectives in use are drawn from sociocultural theory. The Bakhtinian concept of speech genre is the central one, but positions, positioning and discursive practice and its institutional framing are highlighted too. Methodologically the article starts with the theoretical perspectives and uses data from a case study to illustrate the importance of these perspectives in understanding constructions of potential learning in RE classrooms. Besides demonstrating the importance of these theoretical perspectives, the article shows how the potential learning of the RE classroom is related to the teachers’ positioning along a pupil–content axis and to the character of the speech genres where two dimensions seem of special importance: how religion is valued (respectfully – mockingly) and how the borders of religions and beliefs are to be understood (fixed – open).     

Methodological issues in researching online representations: production,classification and personal web space

This paper argues that if education practitioners, policy‐makers and researchers are to gain insights from new forms of online self‐representations, there is a need to take stock of research involving homepages in order to identify important methodological issues and lessons that need to be addressed in future research. Home page authorship research is characterized as being associated either with production or classification, very much as other areas of research in literacy such as new literacy studies and multimodality have identified process and product. In this paper, key aspects of research into homepage authorship are reviewed and tensions and contradictions identified. From this review four key implications for methodology are discussed: the varying degree to which content or context are defined in research; the interaction between researcher and researched, within learning disability contexts and more widely; a consideration of the sometimes blurred distinction between public and private online spaces and a wider discussion of the ethical issues facing researchers.     

Pond life that ‘know their place’: exploring teaching and learning support assistants’ experiences through positioning theory

Teaching and learning support assistants (TLSAs) are notoriously underpaid and undervalued as members of school workforces in England and elsewhere in the world, where the discourse of support has worked to legitimize their poor status. This article reports and explores empirical findings through the lens of positioning theory. This theoretical approach has revealed ways in which the positions occupied by TLSAs are consolidated in social acts and discursive practices that contribute to a narrative that is shared and understood by those positioned and those positioning. The multiplicity of, and sometimes competing, positions occupied by TLSAs are revealed through different readings of the collective storylines of pond life and knowing one’s place that determine a set of social and occupational practices. These serve to illustrate the discursive fights TLSAs were engaged in to assert their professionalism in schools and to challenge their low status.     

The production of ‘proper cheating’ in online examinations within technological universities

This paper uses poststructuralist theories of governmentality, agency, consumption and Barry’s (2001) concept of Technological Societies, as a heuristic framework to trace the role of online education technologies in the instantiation of subjectification processes within contemporary Australian universities. This case study of the unintended effects of the adoption and usage of an online educational technology (WebFreedom) for online examinations in an Australian university setting is analysed using poststructuralist theories of governmentality, agency and consumption. The analysis demonstrates how techniques of governing the learning practices of students via online educational technologies intersect with the agentive capacity of students who are relocated as consumers in the higher education marketplace. In particular the paper focuses on the production of unintended localized online examination behaviours resulting in a form of ‘subterranean ethics’ or cheating in online exams. The results from this case study raise critical questions concerning the ways in which both students and tertiary educators are constituted within neoliberal governmental thought, as well as the ways in which students produce themselves in practice as autonomous agents and educational consumers within tertiary education. Suggestions on the focus of future research in the area are discussed.