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51.
Franz Riffert 《Interchange》2005,36(1-2):231-252
First an overview is given about the actual national and international situation concerning standardized testing. Then two major reasons are presented why accountability systems based on standardized testing have become so widespread: (a) the missing validity and reliability of teachers’ assessment of students’ achievement, and (b) the important role standardized testing plays for out-put management in educational systems.On the basis of these considerations Alfred North Whitehead’s critical remarks on external standardized testing are presented. Whitehead’s main point is that external standardized testing limits the freedom of teachers to adapt to the complex, situation specific circumstances in order to obtain a maximum of the creative learning process for students who are conceived as specialists. Instead external testings lead to “teaching to the test.” As a consequence, the attitude of creative, adventurous exploration is undermined and substituted by simple pattern recognition, narrow visions, and even boredom. Finally, the question is raised whether there is any possibility of developing a measurement tool which on the one side meets scientific test criteria, and on the other side is still flexible enough to do justice to needs of individual schools – which according to Whitehead are the essential educational unit – and not vice versa, as it is the case at present with external standardized testing. That such a flexible approach to evaluation is possible is demonstrated by the presentation of the basic ideas of the MSS (Module Approach to Self-Evaluation of School Development Projects) which has been developed and examined in ten schools by the author and his collaborators. 相似文献
52.
Developing a communal identity as beginning teachers of mathematics: Emergence of an online community of practice 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The aim of this study is to investigate how a community of practice focused on becoming a teacher of secondary school mathematics
emerged during a pre-service teacher education programme and was sustained after students graduated and began their first
year of full-time teaching in schools. Bulletin board discussions of one pre-service cohort are analysed in terms of Wenger’s
(1998) three defining features of a community of practice: mutual engagement of participants, negotiation of a joint enterprise,
and development of a shared repertoire for creating meaning. Emergence of the online community was associated with our own
role in facilitating professional dialogue, the voluntary and unstructured nature of participation, initial face-to-face interaction
that created familiarity and trust, and the convenience of using email rather than logging on to a website. The study shows
that the emergent design of the community contributed to its sustainability in allowing the pre-service and beginning teachers
to define their own professional goals and values.
相似文献
Merrilyn E. GoosEmail: |
53.
To what extent do students and teachers hold similar beliefs about excellent teaching? Do differences in beliefs have practical implications (e.g., how students rate their teachers on end-of-semester evaluation forms)? In Study 1, undergraduate students (N=414) and faculty members (N=128) responded to questionnaires assessing their perceptions of an excellent discussion leader, lecturer, or instructor. Participants judged items that contributed to a Structure composite as more characteristic of excellent lecturers than excellent discussion leaders and items that contributed to a Process composite as more characteristic of excellent discussion leaders than excellent lecturers. Results for students and teachers showed several systematic differences. In Study 2,278 students and their course teachers rated the characteristics of a hypothetical excellent lecturer. In addition, students rated the effectiveness of their individual teachers. Students’ ratings of their teachers were higher when students and teachers agreed on their perceptions of characteristics of excellent lecturers. 相似文献
54.
ABSTRACT: This paper argues for an action-oriented conception of learning in higher education: one which marries higher order learning (coming to understand) with apprenticeship in knowledge work. It introduces epistemic tasks, forms and fluency as constructs that are useful in giving a more precise meaning to ideas about collaboration in knowledge construction. Discussion is seen as central to collaborative knowledge work and we examine the role of discussion in supporting weaker and stronger interpretations of collaborative knowledge construction. 相似文献
55.
斯大林功过论述评 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
任圣清 《云南师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2007,39(3):60-65
历史上评价斯大林的浪潮有一个共同点:与政治密切相关。体制的好坏有一个时代性的问题,“政”与“制”也有别,苏联解体的根本原因不能简单地归咎于斯大林模式。从斯大林本人的作为的主要面看,功绩巨大。过大于功论难让人信服。评价历史人物应注意不能以道德评价代替历史评价,与时俱进与历史地看问题并行不悖等四因素。 相似文献
56.
杨绛散文以真切感人制胜,最新作品《我们仨》尤其如此。1997年、1998年,钱媛钱钟书相继因病去世。四年后,92岁高龄的杨绛饱含深情以及特有的笔调书写《我们仨》,回忆他们坎坷而甜蜜的家庭生活。在失去爱女与伴侣之后,她并未以痛不欲生的姿态回忆,而是用看透红尘大喜大悲之后的宁静娓娓道来过去的故事。细读该作品会发现全文字里行间无不流露着她对于家人的深刻怀念,全书在行文过程中更是哀而不伤。《我们仨》一书中虚实相生、巧设悬念、典型性细节描写、合理背景描写以及写意手法等散文艺术表现手法的运用无处不在,具有其独特的魅力,产生了强烈的艺术感染力。 相似文献
57.
王黎丽 《江西教育学院学报》2011,32(2):110-112
写是英语四种基本技能之一,但较之听、说、读,写的能力的培养并没有得到足够的重视。这一点在大学英语教学中也有所体现,如何提高学生的英语写作能力已成为当前大学英语教学中亟待解决的问题。大学英语写作教学中应将过程与成果写作法相结合,改善传统单一的教学模式,鼓励学生多读、多看、多实践,激发写作灵感,循序渐进,以实现英语写作水平质的飞跃。 相似文献
58.
黄明辉 《黔南民族师范学院学报》2011,31(5):88-90,5
旅游业是兼具经济功能与社会功能,集传统与现代,生产性与生活性,生态保护与开发,劳动密集型与资金、知识密集型等特征于一体的服务业。旅游业的可持续发展,是贵州实现生态现代化最重要的途径之一。 相似文献
59.
60.
张辉 《实验室研究与探索》2011,30(9)
在计算机专业实验教学中,结合美国麻省理工学院CDIO工程教育模式在知识、技能和实践方面的人才理念,提出了以综合素质为培养目标,基于工作过程开发课程,以项目为主线组织课程,构建模块化组合、学习情境安排、项目化实施的课程体系,并通过项目制、小组合作等方式进行具体实践. 相似文献