基于核密度估计多样性采集的背景建模算法

1IntroductionBackground subtraction methods are extensively ex-ploited for moving object detection in videos in manyapplications ,such as traffic monitoring[1],human mo-tion capture[2]and video surveillance[3]. The centralidea behind such methods is to segment foreground ini mage sequences taken from a fixed camera by com-paring each newframe to a model of the scene back-ground . Therefore , correctly and efficiently modelingand updating the background model is one of the mostchallenging aspec…     

Evaluating efforts to enhance health and wellbeing in Scottish secondary schools

Curriculum for Excellence in Scotland outlines a policy vision of a more progressive, integrated and holistic form of education; a commitment which contains an obligation for health and well-being (HWB) to be a responsibility of all teachers. A critical policy analysis approach was utilized in order to review school-level progress in different stages of policy development, i.e. policy formulation, legitimation, implementation and evaluation. Evidence was collected through 15 semi-structured interviews with head teachers, teacher education academics and staff with national and local authority quality improvement remits. Questions focused on: aims and curriculum goals; school culture; learning and teaching; partnership relationships and evaluations of practice. Findings suggest a high degree of support for curriculum aims, however, there were often problems communicating policy expectations (policy formulation). Thus, despite impressive examples of innovative practice in relation to school ethos, wider achievement and pupils’ broader general education (policy legitimation), there were also examples of HWB being constrained by senior school examinations and the backwash effect this had on curriculum planning and engagement with interdisciplinary learning approaches (policy implementation/evaluation). These findings have implications in terms of policy to practice coherence as well as highlighting the need for further more specific research evaluations.     

社会公正下的教育和就业政策问题——法国新劳工法案《首次雇佣合同》（CPE）评析

2006年初,法国颁布的《首次雇佣合同》法案(Cntrat Pemirèe Ebauche,简称CPE)引起了社会的强烈反响,包括工人、学生在内的大规模游行随即开始。其背后隐藏着深刻的社会背景和政治、经济原因。法国新劳工法案的颁发触及到了一部分社会群体的利益,是法国社会动荡形成的重要成因。从社会公正这一视点出发,来探讨法国的教育和就业政策问题,就显得尤为重要和可行。     

从高等教育入学机会的分配标准透视教育公平问题——对新中国50年普通高校招生政策的历史回顾

教育公平问题归根结底是一个权利、机会等资源的分配和再分配问题,其中分配标准是关键。不同的分配标准,决定了不同人群的现实处境。回顾新中国成立以来的高校招生政策,我国高等教育入学机会的分配标准经历了由新中国成立初期的学术和政治的双重标准,到教育“革命”时期政治标准被突出强调,“文革”后学术标准被重新确立,进而到当前经济实力成为影响机会分配的重要因素的变革历程。     

当前固定资产投资形势与政策建议

2007年以来固定资产投资在高位回落的趋势下,仍然呈现出高位运行、复杂易变的特征,存在诸多矛盾和问题.当前宏观调控的立足点应放在保持经济平稳较快发展,保持宏观经济政策稳定性和连续性上;适度控制投资规模和投资增幅,但不可一味打压投资;注重调整投资结构,转变投资增长方式;推进要素市场化改革;优化投资项目融资结构.     

The impact of PISA and the interrelation and development of assessment policy and assessment theory in Japan

PISA presents a new image for academic achievement, which has prompted Japanese education reforms over the past decade to innovate teaching and learning for ‘PISA-style literacy’. Supported by theoretical foundations, particularly with regard to the concept of ‘PISA literacy’ and ‘authentic assessment’, these reforms have accomplished progress in the focus on higher order competencies, such as application and the development of new assessment strategies. However, more recently, various critical discussions of ‘PISA literacy’ are underway in the Japanese academy. They interrogate it more critically and reveal the narrow emphasis on functional application and technical operation. Current assessment practices, which tend to fall into ‘criteria compliance’, are in urgent need of review. There is a need to extend the critical discussions in progress to the new assessment strategies. This paper responds to this, by considering the Japanese acceptance of ‘PISA literacy’ and its assessment, discussing the features and limitations.     

清代前期中西交流中止原因探析

中国与西方在很早已有交往。明末清初，交往已相当频繁，西方一些传教士曾涉入中国上流社会，担任宫廷教师，对外谈判翻译等重要职务，很受当权者重视，甚至部分高层人士还接受了西方宗教，成为信徒，中西文化一度出现交融的前景。但因中国传统文化与西方文化间的种种差异，西方人的行为使中国人对其产生的种种误解及中国国内的现实状况等因素的综合使用，使中国突然关闭了刚刚开启的国门，使中西隔离，当西方工业文明崛起之时，中国仍沉浸在天朝大国的梦幻之中，使中国失去了分享人类文明成果的大好时机和一次飞跃发展的良好机遇，最终因落后而被西方殖民者的炮舰冲入国门，陷入百年屈辱历史。     

中央政府为农业和农村社会发展构建制度保障

中央政府不仅要对全国农村和农业发展做出科学规划安排,而且要为农业农村社会发展进行制度构建土地产权制度建设,改革户籍管理制度,调整农产品进出口贸易政策,建立符合WTO框架原则的农业国内支持政策。加强农业法制建设。     

秦国客卿制度漫议

争霸称雄的春秋战国时代,秦国的西部开发极具典型意义。秦国之所以成功地开发西部,并最终统一中国,客卿制度的实施,无疑是重要的因素。     

从公平看我国高校收费政策

80年代末我国高等教育开始实行招生收费制度改革。本文从政策影响、政策事实和政策价值方面对我国高校收费政策进行分析,认为现有收费水平偏高,对教育公平产生了消极影响。教育公平是社会和谐发展重要基石,教育政策的首选价值应是教育公平。