The related effects of item characteristics in measures of epistemological beliefs

Personal epistemology is concerned with people’s beliefs or assumptions about the nature of knowledge and knowing. Whilst contributions in this field can be traced back to the 1970s, fundamental questions about the ontology and epistemology of the construct still remain. The current study explored the effects of three characteristics of questions aimed at eliciting epistemological assumptions on our interpretations of an individual’s assumptions, namely the level of directness with which questions targeted assumptions, the domainspecificity of the question, and whether the questions were open or closed-ended. A paper-and-pencil measure was designed to manipulate these variables, and the interpretations made about the assumptions of 35 postgraduate Psychology students were compared. The results suggested that the characteristics do exert an influence and caution is raised regarding the validity of methodologies that are used in the study of personal epistemology.     

The Chi-square test of independence

The Chi-square statistic is a non-parametric (distribution free) tool designed to analyze group differences when the dependent variable is measured at a nominal level. Like all non-parametric statistics, the Chi-square is robust with respect to the distribution of the data. Specifically, it does not require equality of variances among the study groups or homoscedasticity in the data. It permits evaluation of both dichotomous independent variables, and of multiple group studies. Unlike many other non-parametric and some parametric statistics, the calculations needed to compute the Chi-square provide considerable information about how each of the groups performed in the study. This richness of detail allows the researcher to understand the results and thus to derive more detailed information from this statistic than from many others.The Chi-square is a significance statistic, and should be followed with a strength statistic. The Cramer’s V is the most common strength test used to test the data when a significant Chi-square result has been obtained. Advantages of the Chi-square include its robustness with respect to distribution of the data, its ease of computation, the detailed information that can be derived from the test, its use in studies for which parametric assumptions cannot be met, and its flexibility in handling data from both two group and multiple group studies. Limitations include its sample size requirements, difficulty of interpretation when there are large numbers of categories (20 or more) in the independent or dependent variables, and tendency of the Cramer’s V to produce relative low correlation measures, even for highly significant results.     

教育男生和女生：对教育的启示

平等性别教育长期作为教育中的次要问题，教育学界对此也存在不少误解。“零和式”的教育使性别平等问题走向了极端。平等性别教育的目标不仅是使女生享有平等的教育的机会，同时使男生受益。打破教育体制中固有的性别成见才是实现平等教育的根本途径。     

CAN总线在分布式温度监测系统中的应用

随着网络技术和总线技术的不断发展,控制系统规模的不断扩大,现场温度数据采集与控制逐渐呈现网络化、远距离的特点。针对传统的控制系统不能实现管控一体化以及所采集数据不能被长期存储、打印等问题,文章介绍了一种基于CAN总线的分布式温度监测系统,采用集中管理、分布监测的两层控制策略,给出了该系统的结构和软硬件设计方法与实现。该系统具有可靠性好、通信速率高、抗干扰能力强等特点。     

过渡经济学的基本假设构架

从过渡经济学的理论继承出发，导出其个内主要基本假设分析，通过对假设的总结，突显出过渡经济学的假设框架，从而为过渡经济学作为一种新的经济理论更好地理解现实提供了新的思路与方法。     

分布式学习在远程教育中的实现

在了解分布式学习的主要特征和基本要素的基础上，探讨分布式学习在远程教育中的实现途径和措施，为提高远程学习的质量和效益提供重要条件。     

WEB SERVICE技术与分布式技术之异同

对分布式技术与Web Service技术的发展与现状进行分析,并将两者的分析结果进行对比,着重讨论了基于Web Service的技术的特点和优势.     

项目投资假设探讨

项目投资是财务管理工作的第一环节,经过测算现金净流量等指标,运用一系列财务指标评价该项目是否具有财务可行性,再通过决策指标选择最优方案.现金净流量是关键的基础.为简化现金流量的计算过程,一般都做了几项假设,其中项目投资假设还可以进一步完善.     

试论服务主导型数字图书馆的构建

数字图书馆是一个不断发展的概念,主要有资源主导型、系统主导型、服务主导型三种类型。文章论述了服务主导型数字图书馆的建设内容:数字化资源系统、统一信息访问平台、网上参考咨询平台和专业队伍建设,并进一步对数字图书馆的三种数字化资源、两种服务平台进行探讨,提出了分布式联合网上参考咨询服务将是网上参考咨询服务的发展方向和个性化信息服务是其服务发展的趋势。     

职场思维的特征与优势

职场思维与学校中的思维在主体、功能、动机、工具、方式、结果以及环境等方面均存在着本质区别。与学校中的思维相比,职场思维具有一系列的优点,包括针对真实的情境与问题、灵活省力等;高级思维、社会思维、关键性思维能力、分布式思维以及非正式思维在职场中也能得到较好发展。研究职场思维不仅有利于提高工作成效,还可以为学校课堂教学改革提供借鉴。