如何利用波特的竞争对手分析框架分析竞争对手

分析竞争对手是竞争情报工作中的一个难题,美国哈佛大学教授波特提出的竞争对手分析框架有助于克服这方面的困难,但波特的分析框架没有提供分析的步骤。本论文认为分析应该从竞争对手的假设开始,然后是目标、战略和能力。本论文分别讨论了分析假设、目标、战略和能力的方法和分析的信息来源,使波特的竞争对手分析框架具有可操作性。     

金华市郊树附生藓类植物生态学研究

调查了金华市郊树附生藓类植物的区系和盖度,并以藓类植物盖度为指标,应用除趋势对应分析(DCA)对调查区域的树附生藓类植物群落进行了分析．结果表明：(1)调查区域共有树附生藓类植物16科52种,其主要的地理成分为东亚成分、北温带成分和世界分布,分别占总种数的40．38％、25．00％、19．23％;(2)树附生藓类植物群落可被分成三类,分别分布在樟树—枫杨为主要成分的阔叶林、针叶林和以喜树为主的阔叶林中;藓类植物群落的分布格局与植被类型相对应;(3)树附生藓类在不同树种之间,尤其在针叶树种与阔叶树种之间存在选择性;(4)树的倾斜对树干藓类分布有较为明显的影响。     

基于点度中心度及其均衡性的期刊主题分布特征分析

[目的/意义]分析期刊主题分布特征有助于揭示学科领域的研究主题,掌握科学研究的整体发展态势,为寻找科研着力点提供参考。为改善已有的期刊主题研究忽略主题分布均衡性的不足,提出一种基于点度中心度及其均衡性的期刊主题分布特征分析方法。[方法/过程]以2013—2019年图书情报与档案管理学领域20种CSSCI来源期刊为例,首先,利用聚类方法对各期刊主题进行类团划分,进而计算不同主题类团的点度中心度;其次,利用Gini系数计算期刊主题类团网络中点度中心度的均衡性Gc;最后,根据期刊主题数量n和期刊主题类团点度中心度的均衡性构建"n-Gc"二维坐标,在二维坐标中展示并探讨期刊主题的分布特征。[结果/结论]实验表明,"点度中心性"与"均衡性"结合得到的期刊主题分布特征与期刊实际收录主题特点基本一致;同时,"n-Gc"二维坐标对期刊主题特征的描述粒度更小,描述结果更加全面、细致。     

试论作为积极人性假设的自我实现人——管理学视域中马斯洛自我实现人思想价值之揭示

马斯洛自己也在主动探讨他的自我实现人在管理实践中的应用问题。自我实现人作为管理学中的积极人性假设而被应用也有其合理性。它能够促进组织发展和个人意义诉求的实现。当然,在经济组织中来应用它,会使人的价值追求处在最大的紧张关系之中。     

Impact of Both Local Item Dependencies and Cut‐Point Locations on Examinee Classifications

Performance assessments, scenario‐based tasks, and other groups of items carry a risk of violating the local item independence assumption made by unidimensional item response theory (IRT) models. Previous studies have identified negative impacts of ignoring such violations, most notably inflated reliability estimates. Still, the influence of this violation on examinee ability estimates has been comparatively neglected. It is known that such item dependencies cause low‐ability examinees to have their scores overestimated and high‐ability examinees' scores underestimated. However, the impact of these biases on examinee classification decisions has been little examined. In addition, because the influence of these dependencies varies along the underlying ability continuum, whether or not the location of the cut‐point is important in regard to correct classifications remains unanswered. This simulation study demonstrates that the strength of item dependencies and the location of an examination systems’ cut‐points both influence the accuracy (i.e., the sensitivity and specificity) of examinee classifications. Practical implications of these results are discussed in terms of false positive and false negative classifications of test takers.     

基于CORBA技术的分布式应用程序

文章介绍了CORBA技术中涉及的相关概念和基本规则,利用一个实例详细列举了分布式应用的设计思想、设计流程、相关对象和C/S设置。     

Epistemological beliefs and leadership approaches among South African school principals

Studies on school restructuring and the leadership role of the principal in this process suggest that what has been the traditional leadership approach of the principal appears to be changing in relation to the substantial changes and school-wide reforms that are continually taking place in schools today. These school reform initiatives necessitate new and creative ways of thinking about our concept of educational leadership and its various approaches. It also became clear from the literature on leadership that a person’s assumption of various types of knowledge influence his or her leadership approach. The purpose of this study, based on a quantitative empirical study in selected South African schools, is to identify this impact of principals’ assumptions of knowledge on their leadership approaches. A total of 100 questionnaires with open-ended questions were sent electronically to school principals of randomly selected schools to assess the link between principals’ assumptions about the nature of knowledge and principal leadership. The t-test, Lambda test and an Analysis of Variances test were used to analyse the data. The findings confirm the relationship between core epistemological beliefs (EBs) and beliefs about leadership practices among South African school principals and provide substantial justification for using EBs in the study of school leadership.     

Indigenous studies in all schools

Cherbourg State School is approximately 300 km northwest of Brisbane. It is situated in an Aboriginal community at Cherbourg with approximately 250 students. At the Cherbourg State School, the aim was to generate good academic outcomes for all students from kindergarten to Year 7 and to nurture a strong and positive sense of what it means to be Aboriginal in today’s society. In this paper, I will discuss modernism and postmodernism in indigenous studies and how this has impacted on the design and development of the Indigenous Studies Programme at the Cherbourg State School. The programme was designed to provide students with the opportunity to learn about the history of Indigenous people from Indigenous voices and provide an understanding of the impact of invasion and the consequences on the lives of Indigenous people, in the past and present. The stories from the elders and members of their own community provided knowledge that allowed students to challenge Aboriginal identity by taking on existing perceptions so that they could be better processed and understood.     

Thinking About Reference Service Paradigms and Metaphors

Abstract

A critical but overlooked aspect of reference service is thinking about paradigms and metaphors. These are subconscious imageries that define how we think about our work-and how our clients think about us. Limitations of the current paradigms affecting reference services are: (1) social-class assumptions about the nature of the library and its clientele; (2) classification systems based on obsolete ideas that subject categories are mutually exclusive; (3) the fortress metaphor implied in physical organization; and (4) failure to capture statistical data that measure contemporary aspects of user service.

New ways of thinking about reference service with new paradigms and metaphors are suggested. Critical elements in a new paradigm are: (1) envisioning the library as portal, both for on-line and in-library service; (2) accepting the fact that knowledge is an open system, not conducive to our closed-system classification systems; (3) breaching our metaphorical fortress to provide more personal reference service; and (4) updating our statistical measures to match quantitative measures with actual quality of service.