浙江省常绿阔叶林的物种组成和群落物种多样性--以若干保护较好的地区为例

常绿阔叶林是浙江省的地带性植被,在维护区域生态系统功能等方面起着重要作用.综合该省若干保护较好地区的样方资料,采用多项指标进行了物种多样性的测度,表明浙江省保护较好的常绿阔叶林区域是我国中亚热带东部物种多样性较高的区域之一,自然环境、群落小环境和人为干扰是影响多样性大小的重要因素,常绿阔叶林中的珍稀物种需要给予更多的关注与保护.     

不同利用强度下草地植物物种多样性变化——以正镶白旗典型温性草原区为例

采用植被群落调查方法,对位于蒙古高原东南缘的内蒙古自治区正镶白旗典型草原区开展了野外综合考察。基于调查数据,结合土地利用与土地覆被(LUCC)数据,计算分析了不同利用强度下的草地植物物种数、群落α多样性以及群落β多样性分布特征。结果表明:①草地植物的物种数量是随着利用强度增强而逐渐降低的;但禾本科和杂草类植物数量呈现出先减少后增加再减少的变化趋势、菊科植物则呈现出持续下降的变化规律;豆科植物则呈现出现增加后减少的变化规律。在生态工程区域,无论是物种总数不同科目物种数量均是最少的;②物种重要值的分布特征是:羊草、克氏针茅等建群种在背景样地中最高、随着利用强度的增加,其重要性逐渐降低,而伴生种、杂类草的重要值逐渐升高。在生态工程区,羊草的优质牧草物种重要值是最高的;③总体上,研究区草地植物群落α多样性在轻度与中度利用样方中较高,背景样方次之,重度利用样方中最低。而生态工程区,其各个指数均则介于轻度、中度利用与背景样地之间;④群落相似度指数在轻度与中度利用草地样地最高、说明两者之间没有明确的界线;而生态工程区与背景样地相似度指数较高,说明生态保护和建设工程取得阶段性成果。     

我国区域高等教育资源配置差异性分析

区域经济发展的不平衡,使我国的高等教育在区域之间呈现较大的差异性。分析区域高等教育资源配置的差异性,指出其对区域经济社会发展所产生的影响,从政策、资源的利用及分配三个方面提出促进区域高等教育发展的策略。     

采煤塌陷对中国西部风沙区土壤质量的影响机制及修复措施

中国西部风沙区生态环境脆弱,煤炭井工开采造成土体坍塌,产生地表裂缝,导致地下水位下降、土壤含水量减少、土壤养分流失、土壤酶活性降低、微生物数量和群落结构发生变化、土壤沙化、植被死亡以及生物多样性破坏等生态环境问题。主要剖析近年来煤炭地下开采对西部风沙区土壤理化性质、土壤酶活性、土壤微生物和植被生长等方面的影响机制,提出塌陷区土壤环境破坏的修复措施。指出今后的研究应集中于采煤塌陷区土壤质量的恢复和土壤微生物多样性的演替规律方面,为中国西部风沙区采煤塌陷地的生态修复提供理论基础和技术支持。     

Social inclusivity,cultural diversity and online film consumption

It has been argued that the circulation of film online is a “democratising process”, evident in the breadth and depth of international film now available online, and in the greater ease of access to this content for audiences across the world. This is seen by some to present greater commercial opportunities for film-making from countries marginalised by previous distribution networks, and to foster a more globally diverse and inclusive film-viewing culture, with particular benefits for diasporic populations. Others, however, have pointed to the way in which audiences’ engagement with film online may be constrained by the economics and technology of online distribution and cultural competencies rooted in social stratification. These factors may limit how and what audiences watch, extending beyond issues of physical access to those of cultural access. As such, they raise questions regarding the demographic composition of the audience for online methods of film distribution and different types of international film. We lack sufficient understanding of these issues, however, due to the limited emphasis upon socio-demographic variables in existing academic research into online film consumption, and the limited consideration of particular film content in relevant market research. This article uses original audience research to interrogate the extent to which online distribution is able to connect audiences to a diversity of international film in comparison to other methods of distribution. It also considers some of the socio-demographic characteristics of the audiences for different methods of distribution and types of international film. In doing so, the article grants us a clearer understanding of the degree to which online film distribution fosters diversity and inclusivity through the connections it facilitates between audiences and content.     

Latino Portrayals in Local News Media: Underrepresentation,Negative Stereotypes,and Institutional Predictors of Coverage

Given the rise in negative rhetoric about Latinos in the U.S., it is essential to examine whether this negative tone extends to general, local news as well. An analysis of 2426 news articles drawn from 55 local newspapers in 2015 reveals several important findings. First, despite the intense spotlight on Latinos, they are still underrepresented in local news media. Relative to the other ethnic groups and whites, Latinos are more likely to be portrayed through negative stereotypes. However, the probability of this negative coverage is smaller for news media with a big proportion of Latino audiences, or for publicly-owned media outlets.     

How does education have an impact on ethnocentrism? A structural equation analysis of cognitive,occupational status and network mechanisms

Previous studies have distinguished cognitive, occupational status and network mechanisms in the relation between education and ethnocentrism. Hypotheses on these mediating mechanisms are derived from socialization theory, realistic group threat and contact theory. In the current study we use structural equation modeling to investigate the explanatory power of these three mechanisms simultaneously. The analysis is based on a representative population survey from the Netherlands (NELLS 2009, n = 1910). The results show that more than half of the initial association between education and ethnocentrism can be attributed to cognitive ability and occupational status mechanisms. The remaining part of the overall association, however, still has to be modeled as a direct relationship between education and ethnocentrism. This direct association can be attributed either to social desirability or to a direct liberalizing effect of education on social and political attitudes. Our analysis tentatively suggests that the rise of average education levels in Western societies might lead to less ethnocentric attitudes via the cognitive sophistication mechanism.     

论文化互动教育研究的价值取向、对象与方法

在联合国教科文组织大力推进文化互动教育走向国际化的进程中,愈来愈多的国家开始关注并积极助推文化互动教育的现代发展。纵观当前我国学界关于文化互动教育的研究成果,价值取向上,理论价值与实践价值并举;研究对象上,宏观、中观与微观相联结;研究方法上,时间—历史研究与空间—比较研究相互演进。然而,文化互动教育研究依然存在着理论研究的“薄弱化”、实践研究的“片段化”、综合研究的“浅表化”等问题。为此,今后的相关研究需要注重丰富更多视域的理论研究、畅显文化互动教育的具体实践研究、开展三观互联的综合性研究。     

Genomic diversity and post-admixture adaptation in the Uyghurs

Population admixture results in genome-wide combinations of genetic variants derived from different ancestral populations of distinct ancestry, thus providing a unique opportunity for understanding the genetic determinants of phenotypic variation in humans. Here, we used whole-genome sequencing of 92 individuals with high coverage (30–60×) to systematically investigate genomic diversity in the Uyghurs living in Xinjiang, China (XJU), an admixed population of both European-like and East-Asian-like ancestry. The XJU population shows greater genetic diversity, especially a higher proportion of rare variants, compared with their ancestral source populations, corresponding to greater phenotypic diversity of XJU. Admixture-induced functional variants in EDAR were associated with the diversity of facial morphology in XJU. Interestingly, the interaction of functional variants between SLC24A5 and OCA2 likely influences the diversity of skin pigmentation. Notably, selection has seemingly been relaxed or canceled in several genes with significantly biased ancestry, such as HERC2–OCA2. Moreover, signatures of post-admixture adaptation in XJU were identified, including genes related to metabolism (e.g. CYP2D6), digestion (e.g. COL11A1), olfactory perception (e.g. ANO2) and immunity (e.g. HLA). Our results demonstrated population admixture as a driving force, locally or globally, in shaping human genetic and phenotypic diversity as well as in adaptive evolution.     

Speed bumps,roadblocks and tollbooths: how culturally and linguistically diverse parents navigate the highways and byways of giftedness in Ontario

In reviewing literature on culturally and linguistically diverse (CLD) parental inclusion and disproportionality, Cam Cobb, assistant professor at the University of Windsor, Ontario, illustrates how CLD giftedness – and especially CLD giftedness in Canadian settings – represents an area in need of further research. In part, this article begins to address that need. Drawing from a larger critical qualitative inquiry, he details the stories of two CLD Canadian mothers as they sought to become involved in gifted identification and decision‐making processes. Knowledge and language arose in the data as two core themes of robust parental inclusion. These core themes, along with associated recommendations for policy, practice and research, are outlined in a discussion of the findings. While this article focuses on the gifted domain of special education in Ontario, the findings have wider implications for robust CLD parental inclusion in special education in general.