Talent identification and selection in elite youth football: An Australian context

We identified the perceptual–cognitive skills and player history variables that differentiate players selected or not selected into an elite youth football (i.e. soccer) programme in Australia. A sample of elite youth male football players (n?=?127) completed an adapted participation history questionnaire and video-based assessments of perceptual–cognitive skills. Following data collection, 22 of these players were offered a full-time scholarship for enrolment at an elite player residential programme. Participants selected for the scholarship programme recorded superior performance on the combined perceptual–cognitive skills tests compared to the non-selected group. There were no significant between group differences on the player history variables. Stepwise discriminant function analysis identified four predictor variables that resulted in the best categorization of selected and non-selected players (i.e. recent match-play performance, region, number of other sports participated, combined perceptual–cognitive performance). The effectiveness of the discriminant function is reflected by 93.7% of players being correctly classified, with the four variables accounting for 57.6% of the variance. Our discriminating model for selection may provide a greater understanding of the factors that influence elite youth talent selection and identification.     

影响三级跳远成绩的若干因素

通过阅读、整理国内外有关三级跳远方面的献资料，阐明三级跳远中助跑速度、起跳技术、三跳比例、力量以及平衡对三级跳远成绩的影响，为三级跳远的研究提供参考。     

一元训练理论与三大球(上篇)

“二元训练理论”导致中国男子三大球水平低下。要走向世界一流，必须依靠“一元训练理论”，进行一系列训练改革。人体是复杂适应系统，体能就在球艺之中。运动能力是人整体的功能，其水平取决于“熵值减少”程度。“比较掌控能力”是争夺三大球主动权的基础能力。“与对手周旋”是“掌控能力”的必然内容。反应速度是三大球运动能力的灵魂。合理运用“球艺发生优质期”是培养顶尖运动员的关键性策略，同球艺的杰出性密切相关。脱离实际的基本功是有害的，要从群众性儿童少年玩球竞赛游戏中，从小培养先进球艺。要充分运用“运动训练全周期”以提高球艺的充实性。提高三大球比赛体力的关键在于联系实际运用好“体力波”规律。全场战略对于比赛发挥具有重要意义。粗放方式和集约方式的训练效益很不一样。阴盛阳衰并不表示中国三大球球艺水平不弱于国际。“进步原则”是衡量训练工作的一项基本原则。发展学术建设对于中国三大球具有重要意义。     

项目反应理论在运动心理测量领域的运用与发展

:IRT模式是否可以用来评价心理运动技能 ,许多学者已经对传统的“技能测量”模式提出了异议 ,在此基础上简述了测量理论的发展和 IRT模式的原理 ,分析了 IRT在运动中的有用性及弊端 ,探讨了 IRT在运动心理行为测量中的未来发展方向     

学生运动技术学习过程中焦虑状态及其调节

在剖析焦虑的心理学内涵基础上 ,具体分析了体育教学过程中学生焦虑的种种表现 ,一一论证各级焦虑水平对技术学习产生的影响 :过低的焦虑水平导致学生技术学习的懈怠 ,过高的焦虑水平导致技术学习中的冒进 ,适宜焦虑水平促进学生运动技术掌握。并就技术学习不同阶段调控学生焦虑水平作具体研究。     

提高设计制图教学质量的研究与探索

设计制图是工业设计专业的技术基础课,在教学过程中应根据专业特点及学生的实际情况,激发学生的学习兴趣、优化教学内容,选择合适的教学手段和方法。通过教学质量的提高,培养学生的实际应用能力和创新能力,以满足现代工业发展对高素质设计人才的需求。     

Tackle and ruck technique proficiency within academy and senior club rugby union

ABSTRACT

This study examined the validity of a tool that assesses tackle and ruck technique in training and established reference data for tackle, ball-carry and ruck technique at different levels of play in rugby union. One hundred and thirty-one amateur rugby union players; 37 senior, 51 first-grade academy and 43 second-grade academy players, participated in a two-on-two contact drill. The drill was filmed and the players’ tackle, ball-carry and ruck technique were assessed using standardized technical criteria. Senior level players scored significantly higher in all three assessments; tackle technique senior vs academy 1^st (p < 0.01, effect size (ES) = 0.7, moderate), senior vs academy 2^nd (p < 0.01, ES = 0.7, moderate); ball-carry technique senior vs academy 1^st (p < 0.01, ES = 0.6, moderate), senior vs academy 2^nd (p < 0.01, ES = 0.8, moderate); ruck technique senior vs academy 1^st (p < 0.01, ES = 0.7, moderate), senior vs academy 2^nd (p < 0.01, ES = 0.4, small). These findings emphasize the importance of developing contact technique to allow players to progress to higher levels, and provide validity to an assessment tool which can facilitate this process.     

A theory of instruction for introductory programming skills

ABSTRACT

Background and Context: Current introductory instruction fails to identify, structure, and sequence the many skills involved in programming.

Objective: We proposed a theory which identifies four distinct skills that novices learn incrementally. These skills are tracing, writing syntax, comprehending templates (reusable abstractions of programming knowledge), and writing code with templates. We theorized that explicit instruction of these skills decreases cognitive demand.

Method: We conducted an exploratory mixed-methods study and compared students’ exercise completion rates, error rates, ability to explain code, and engagement when learning to program. We compared material that reflects this theory to more traditional material that does not distinguish between skills.

Findings: Teaching skills incrementally resulted in improved completion rate on practice exercises, and decreased error rate and improved understanding of the post-test.

Implications: By structuring programming skills such that they can be taught explicitly and incrementally, we can inform instructional design and improve future research on understanding how novice programmers develop understanding.     

篮球队核心后卫队员应具备的条件

一支优秀的篮球运动队伍,必须要有优秀的核心后工队员。核心后卫队员应具有较高的技术、战术水平,较强的适应能力和应变能力,还要具有清醒的头脑和良好的心理素质。只有这样,核心后卫队员才能发挥其在比赛场上的“灵魂”作用,带领全队发挥整体水平。     

开放教育学习支持服务系统的研究与实践 --《工程制图》多媒体教材的研制与应用

本文论述了工程制图多媒体CAI课件的制作过程、功能特点及其在教学中使用效果,从而进一步说明了建立开放教育学习支持服务系统的重要意义。