体育与人文外交

摘要：为了探究体育与人文外交关系,丰富人文外交的理论与实践,推动体育发挥其应有的外交功能,运用文献资料法,对人文外交的提出,体育在人文外交中的地位与功能进行了分析。基于文献资料的研究,认为人文外交是中国外交的重大创新,是中国基于国内外形势的反应,其中2008年奥运会的成功举办是中国提出人文外交的直接动因。体育是人文外交的重要组成部分,体育在人文外交领域的功能：体育外交是政府间外交的组成部分;体育是进行公共外交的典型方式;体育外交是民间外交的重要部分。中国社会特别是体育界应高度重视和大力发挥体育外交的作用,更好地发挥体育在对外交流中的价值和功能,服务于现代化和体育强国建设。文章从理论层面丰富和完善了体育外交的研究。     

不同药物对一次力竭游泳小鼠海马自由基代谢的影响

目的:以人参为阳性对照,研究北冬虫夏草和辽东木对一次力竭小鼠海马自由基代谢的影响及其机制。方法:雄性昆明种小鼠,随机分为5组:安静组,力竭运动组,虫草加力竭运动组,木加力竭运动组,人参加力竭运动组,运动模式为一次无负重力竭游泳,之前6周给相应组大鼠服用北冬虫夏草发酵液、辽东木提取物和人参茎叶提取物,最后一次运动后即刻取样测定各组小鼠海马MDA、T-AOC及游泳至力竭的时间。结果:一次力竭游泳后,运动组小鼠海马MDA含量显著增高(P<0.01),T-AOC显著下降(P<0.01);各服药组小鼠海马MDA含量明显低于运动组(P<0.05),T-AOC显著高于运动组(P<0.01);各服药组小鼠游泳至力竭的时间明显延长(P<0.05)。结论:小鼠在进行一次力竭运动后,海马内脂质过氧化水平升高,总抗氧化能力下降;服用北冬虫夏草、辽东木及人参能够降低力竭游泳小鼠海马脂质过氧化水平,提高总抗氧化能力,并延缓疲劳的发生。     

Performing Bandung: China’s dance diplomacy with India,Indonesia, and Burma, 1953–1962

While dance was a common element of international diplomacy activities around the world during the 1950s and early 1960s, scholars have only recently begun to focus attention on this topic, especially as it concerns relationships forged beyond those of the Cold War superpowers. Using previously unexamined historical materials such as rare photographs and performance programs, dancer biographies, autobiographies and personal interviews, unpublished institutional histories, and contemporary periodicals, this article demonstrates not only that dance was an integral part of China’s inter-Asian cultural exchange between 1953 and 1962, but also that the PRC developed a distinct approach to dance diplomacy. Through a series of exchanges with India, Indonesia and Burma, China’s foreign ministers and dancers developed and refined a method of dance diplomacy in which the primary goal was to learn from, rather than export to, these neighboring countries. This approach harnessed the affective power of embodied aesthetic culture to literally “perform” Bandung ideals, namely, cooperation and mutual respect among Asian nations and an anti-imperialist cultural stance. Through the establishment in 1962 of the Oriental Song and Dance Ensemble, the PRC institutionalized this model of dance diplomacy, expanding it to include the entire Third World. Bandung-era dance diplomacy initiatives of the 1950s and early 1960s not only supported important new international alliances and political movements, but also asserted China’s self-identity as part of the East in the way that challenged Eurocentric ideals previously entrenched in China’s domestic dance field.     

身体活动对改善药物成瘾戒断者脑功能损伤的研究——来自抑制加工及脑功能静息态的证据

目的：探讨身体活动对药物成瘾戒断者抑制能力及静息态脑功能的改善,拟为药物成瘾提供有效的辅助治疗手段。方法：将药物成瘾戒断者按身体活动量分为活动组和久坐组,首先进行Go/NoGo抑制能力测试,然后采集他们的静息态功能磁共振数据。选取静息态的两项重要分析方法——低频振幅（amplitude of low frequency fluctuations,ALFF）和局部一致性（regional homogeneity,ReHo）来探讨身体活动对药物成瘾戒断者脑功能损伤的改善。结果：①Go/NoGo测试：活动组NoGo正确率显著高于久坐组。②ALFF分析：活动组在双侧脑岛、左侧额下回眶部、双侧额内侧回、左侧前扣带回、右侧背外侧前额叶、左侧枕上回、左侧辅助运动区、双侧内侧扣带回ALFF显著高于久坐组。③ReHo分析：活动组在左侧枕中回、双侧背外侧前额叶、左侧辅助运动区ReHo显著高于久坐组。这些显著差异脑区主要与成瘾的抑制能力有关。结论：①身体活动能有效地提高药物成瘾戒断者的抑制能力。②身体活动是修复药物成瘾戒断者大脑功能损伤的关键因素之一。身体活动可通过增加药物成瘾戒断者静息状态下脑功能的低频振幅和局部一致性,改善药物成瘾戒断者大脑功能损伤。     

Eleventh- and Twelfth-Century Similarities in the Norman Influence,Contact and “Conquests” of Sicily,Southern Italy and England

The establishment of the so-called “Norman World” is a debated phenomenon. The influence of the Normans can be found throughout Europe in matters of politics, warfare, and cultural interaction. The empire established by the Normans from the tenth through the thirteenth centuries was based upon the fighting prowess and military might of a people led by notable men such as William the Conqueror and Robert Guiscard. The similarities and differences between the Norman conquests of the eleventh century reveal reciprocity in contact, influence, and exchange among Norman populations. Similarly, the autonomy and distinctness of Norman populations from England to the Mediterranean remained. This article explores the extent of Norman contact, areas of influence and methods of exchange during the most active Norman conquests of the Middle Ages.     

The Byzantines and Saladin: Some Further Arguments

This is the second of two articles by the same author arguing against the thesis that there was a conspiracy between the Byzantine emperors and Saladin, sultan of Egypt and Syria, against the crusader states and the Third Crusade in the 1180s. While the focus of the first article was primarily on the Latin sources, the present study shifts the focus to the Arabic primary material, hitherto largely neglected or inadequately treated by modern historians. Through a critical re-examination and re-interpretation of the Arabic sources, backed by the introduction and discussion of new Latin material when necessary, this article presents expanded arguments on the relations between the Byzantine Empire, the Sultanate of Konya and Saladin in the 1180s. The conclusions lend further support to the view that the Byzantine rulers and Saladin never concluded an alliance against the Latin settlers of Outremer and the Third Crusade.     

几种增进机能的非兴奋剂使用药物和疗法

提出了关于在体育运动中非兴奋剂使用药物和疗法的观点，介绍了人乳、人血丙种球蛋白、氨基酸，脂肪乳制剂，人参、干姜、当归，回龙汤，能量合剂，暗示疗法，生物全息诊疗法，人工月经周期疗法等增进机能的辅助性非兴奋剂使用药物和疗法。     

竞技场上的“药物战”

简述体育竞赛中使用兴奋剂的几个历史阶段,并通过大量事例来阐述"滥用兴奋剂是国际体育竞赛中最大的公害".     

苏联对新中国体育援助的历史审视

作为首个建立社会主义制度的国家,苏联向社会主义阵营提供了大量的体育援助。新中国在接受苏联的体育援助下,奠定了新体育建设的重要基础,推动了体育事业的发展渐入正轨。运用文献资料法、逻辑分析法和历史研究等方法,以苏联对新中国的体育援助为研究对象。提出其产生的历史背景,阐述其发生的详细过程,审视其带来的历史影响。研究结论:1)苏联对新中国体育援助的动机是出于冷战格局的现实需要;2)新中国接受体育援助的动机是根据自身需要主动提出的;3)"一边倒"外交政策的确立为新中国接受苏联体育援助提供了基础和保障;4)体育援助领域广泛、内容丰富、形式多样;5)体育援助的时间虽然较短,却为新中国体育事业的发展起到了重要的奠基作用,同时也产生了利与弊共存的深远影响。研究价值:旨在追溯历史、产生启发,达除弊兴利、科学发展之效。     

我国兽药产业发展现状分析与建议

我国兽药产业呈现企业总量规模较庞大,结构差异性与区域性明显,不同类别企业产值、产能利用水平差异大,出厂产品的抽检合格率水平较高且较为稳定等特点。但就产业整体来看,我国兽药产业生产环节存在产业集中水平低,规模不经济;低水平重复建设,利润低;产业结构不合理;产业组织内部管理不规范等问题。因此,亟待政府合理规划布局,加速结构调整;政府与企业联合配置资源,保障产业运行效率;企业内部也需以人为本,重视人才与管理,提升企业自身实力。