对青少年吸毒现象的心理学思考

青少年吸毒现象是社会重视的一个问题。本文从内外因素两方面分析当前青少年吸毒的原因,提出了预防青少年吸毒的几个原则,以及对已经吸毒青少年进行心理干预的措施和方法。     

Drug Testing,Sex Verification,and the 1967 Pan-American Games

Abstract

Despite frequent claims that invasive methods of sex verification and early procedures for doping detection were used in 1966 and 1967 at different major international sport competitions, little is known about the origins and rationales for implementing such procedures. This paper focuses on the drug testing and sex verification protocols implemented at the 1967 Pan-American Games held in Winnipeg. Specifically, it explores the conditions that led to these protocols, as well as the details of and the arguments invoked for their implementation. To do so, archival material, media coverage featured in English, French, Portuguese, and Spanish newspapers and magazines across the Americas, and oral histories are analyzed and discussed. The paper demonstrates that neither the sex verification nor the drug testing protocol was mandatory for all athletes and only two very specific groups of athletes were targeted. It also demonstrates that in the case of the former, exceptions were made within the specific group targeted. The paper concludes that the rudimentary protocols applied at the 1967 Pan-American Games likely informed the IOC Medical Commission’s doping and sex-testing policies implemented at the 1968 Mexico City Olympics and Grenoble Winter Olympics.     

抗消化性溃疡药物的研究概述

消化性溃疡是一类常见病、高发性病,严重影响着人们的生活。目前,在抗消化性溃疡药品市场上形成了质子泵抑制剂类、H2-受体拮抗剂、胃粘膜保护剂三大主体药物格局和临床用药"五足鼎立"局面,产品的更新换代又为消化性溃疡的治疗输入了新鲜血液。     

pH值敏感水凝胶的合成及药物缓释性能研究

聚乙二醇(PEG)与丙烯酰氯反应合成聚乙二醇双丙烯酸酯(PEGDA)，然后以PEGDA、N—乙烯基—2—此咯烷酮(NVP)及丙烯酸为主要原料，N，N^ —亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(BIS)为交联剂，偶氮二异丁腈(AIBN)为引发剂，采用自由基聚合法合成了对pH值变化敏感的N—乙烯基—2—吡咯烷酮—丙烯酸—聚乙二醇双丙烯酸酯交联共聚物(po1y[NVP-AA-PEGDA])水凝胶．利用该共聚物为载体对抗癌药5—氟脲密啶(5—FU)进行包埋，并在SIF及SGF缓冲溶液中于37℃进行体外释药研究．结果表明，在pH值较小的缓释介质中药物释放曲线较平缓，释药周期较长，同时最终的平衡释药百分数也较小；随着样品中PEGDA量的减少，释药曲线趋于平缓，释药周期变长，最终的平衡释药百分数成小．     

荧光偏振免疫分析法检测环孢霉素血药浓度

目的 :建立荧光偏振免疫分析 (FPIA)检测环孢霉素 (Cyclosporine)进行治疗药物监测(TDM)方法 ,为临床器官移植抗排斥反应及多种自身免疫性疾病的治疗服务。方法 :用定标、质控、回收率、精密度、抗干扰等对FPIA进行评价 ,并对用药达稳态浓度后肾移植患者的肝素抗凝全血中的环孢霉素血药浓度进行测定。结果 :定标、质控均符合实验要求 ,平均回收率为96.6% ,平均SD为 5.85 ,CV %为 2 .1 ,高胆红素、血红蛋白、甘油三酯以及高、低总蛋白等对FPIA的干扰误差均 <1 0 %。肾移植患者无药物中毒反应和排斥反应 ,环孢霉素血药浓度平均值为 1 52 .5μg/L。结论 :荧光偏振免疫分析法测定环孢霉素血药浓度具有较高的特异性和稳定性     

出口垄断协议豁免制度研究

我国出口垄断协议豁免制度虽然确立,但这种简单与原则性的规定缺乏可操作性。因此文章认为,应设置反垄断豁免的审批等程序规范,实行反垄断豁免的公示和监督制度,规定影响我国市场的外国出口垄断协议行为的调查和控制制度,明确出口垄断协议豁免行为的职能机构。     

Substance use among township secondary school students – an emergent phenomenon

Abstract

Despite widespread concern taking the form of condemnation and education about the danger associated with substance use and abuse by students, this threat has not significantly abated. Numerous students still succumb to the allure and destructiveness of inter alia liquor, smoking, sniffing and drugs. This article examines substance use among students by means of a literature study and a questionnaire. The questionnaire obtained the views of the township secondary school students regarding the prevalence of substance use, usual times for substance use, the period of initial and later use, factors influencing students to use substances and the relationships between age and gender and substance use. The study found that the family, peers, community, school and media advertisements exert powerful influence on the students, which has resulted in a considerable number of them using substances. The study concludes with recommendations on how to address the problem.     

Gene expression and apoptosis response in hepatocellular carcinoma cells induced by biocompatible polymer/magnetic nanoparticles containing 5-fluorouracil

BackgroundSuper-paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) contain a chemotherapeutic drug and are regarded as a promising technique for improving targeted delivery into cancer cells.ResultsIn this study, the fabrication of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) was investigated with loaded Dextran (DEX-SPION) using the co-precipitation technique and conjugated by folate (FA). These nanoparticles (NPs) were employed as carriers and anticancer compounds against liver cancer cells in vitro. Structural, magnetic, morphological characterization, size, and drug loading activities of the obtained FA-DEX-5-FU-SPION NPs were checked using FTIR, VSM, FESEM, TEM, DLS, and zeta potential techniques. The cellular toxicity effect of FA-DEX-5-FU-SPION NPs was evaluated using the MTT test on liver cancer (SNU-423) and healthy cells (LO2). Furthermore, the apoptosis measurement and the expression levels of NF-1, Her-2/neu, c-Raf-1, and Wnt-1 genes were evaluated post-treatment using flow cytometry and RT-PCR, respectively. The obtained NPs were spherical with a suitable dispersity without noticeable aggregation. The size of the NPs, polydispersity, and zeta were 74 ± 13 nm, 0.080 and −45 mV, respectively. The results of the encapsulation efficiency of the nano-compound showed highly colloidal stability and proper drug maintenance. The results indicated that FA-DEX-5-FU-SPION demonstrated a sustained release profile of 5-FU in both phosphate and citrate buffer solutions separately, with higher cytotoxicity against SNU-423 cells than against other cells types. These findings suggest that FA-DEX-SPION NPs exert synergistic effects for targeting intracellular delivery of 5-FU, apoptosis induction, and gene expression stimulation.ConclusionsThe findings proved that FA-DEX-5-FU-SPION presented remarkable antitumor properties; no adverse subsequences were revealed against normal cells.How to cite: Mahdia SA, Kadhimb AA, Albukhaty S, et al. Gene expression and apoptosis response in hepatocellular carcinoma cells induced by biocompatible polymer/magnetic nanoparticles containing 5-fluorouracil. Electron J Biotechnol 2021;52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejbt.2021.04.001     

阿尔茨海默病的动物模型制备及药物治疗

本文综述了近年来阿尔茨海默病(Alzheimer’s disease,AD)的动物模型制备及药物治疗的研究进展.根据AD发病机制的研究,概括了AD动物模型制备的种类,指出目前还缺乏能全面复制病因、病理改变的AD疾病模型.在AD的治疗中,总结了目前的药物治疗种类,提出针对Aβ和Tau蛋白的治疗仍是AD治疗研究热点,中医药在AD治疗中也起到了一定作用,并显示出良好的应用前景.