Neurosurgical treatment for addiction: lessons from an untold story in China and a path forward

Addiction is a major public-health crisis associated with significant disability and mortality. Although various pharmacological and behavioral treatments are currently available, the clinical efficacy of these treatments is limited. Given this situation, there is a growing interest in finding an effective neurosurgical treatment for addiction. First, we discuss the use of ablative surgery in treating addiction. We focus on the rise and fall of nucleus accumbens ablation for addiction in China. Subsequently, we review recent studies that have explored the efficacy and safety of deep-brain-stimulation treatment for addiction. We conclude that neurosurgical procedures, particularly deep-brain stimulation, have a potentially valuable role in the management of otherwise intractable addictive disorders. Larger well-controlled clinical trials, however, are needed to assess clinical efficacy and safety. We end by discussing several key issues involved in this clinical field and identifying some areas of progress.     

多媒体信息发布系统在大学图书馆的设计与应用——以清华大学人文社科图书馆为例

多媒体信息发布系统是一种应用型媒体整合传播系统,它是直接面向用户提供公共服务、保障信息畅通的重要手段。作为一座新近建设的图书馆,清华大学人文社科图书馆设计并应用了多媒体信息发布系统。该系统主要包括节目编辑和发送、节目管理和发布两大模块,其发布内容融合了多种媒体信息资料,在图书馆各功能区域得到广泛应用,取得了良好成效。在设计与应用多媒体信息发布系统的过程中,我们应对多媒体信息发布系统的优缺点有清晰认识,要在充分发挥多媒体信息发布系统优势的同时,实现多媒体信息发布系统与其他媒体的优势互补。     

Consistency of performances in the Tkatchev release and re-grasp on high bar

The Tkatchev on the high bar is a release and re-grasp skill in which the gymnast rotates in a direction during flight opposite to that of the preceding swing. Since the release window is defined as the time during which the gymnast has appropriate linear and angular momentum to ensure the bar can be re-grasped, it was speculated that the release windows for this skill would be smaller than for dismounts that are less constrained. One senior male gymnast competing at national standard performed 60 Tkatchev trials. A four-segment planar simulation model of the gymnast and high bar was used to determine the release windows in 10 successful and 10 unsuccessful performances of the Tkatchev recorded using a Vicon motion analysis system. Model parameters were optimized to obtain a close match between simulations and recorded performances in terms of rotation angle (1°), bar displacements (0.01 m), and release velocities (1%). Each matched simulation was used to determine the time window around the actual point of release for which the model had appropriate release parameters to complete the Tkatchev successfully. The release windows for the successful trials were small compared with those of dismounts. The unsuccessful trials were associated with later release and later timing of the actions at the shoulders and hips.     

三种联合方案治疗轻中度高血压病疗效比较

目的比较三种二联用药方案治疗轻中度高血压病的疗效和安全性。方法随机开放对照试验,经2周安慰剂导入期,96例轻中度高血压病患者进入4周的治疗期,分三组对照用药。结果三组药物联用均能明显降低血压(P<0.01),总有效率分别为90.5%、93.6%、94.8%。结论对轻中度高血压病三种二联用药方案均安全、有效,每日一次能维持24小时降压效应,B、C组较A组为佳。     

基于甲醛释放限量值环保木质家具材料的选择

家具产品中的甲醛释放量正逐渐成为室内空气污染源,家具的环保性直接影响着人们的身体健康。从家具的生产制造流程入手,以甲醛释放限量值为依据,比较分析木质家具原材料和涂饰材料对人体健康的影响程度,为环保木质家具提供参考依据,并提出木质家具材料甲醛释放量控制的建议。     

主权让渡视野下教育行政权让渡的理论探索——基于我国外资教育机构设立的思考

教育行政权是国家管理教育事务的日常性权利,在学校教育中它包括学校设置权、教师聘任权、招生权、学业评定权、课程设置权和教材编写权,其中学校设置权是核心权利,不可让渡,其余权利是非核心权利,可以适时适度地让渡,但其让渡应经得起民族心理、法律制度、让渡层次、文化保护和利益划分的逐一审视。     

老药抗衰老新用综述

与衰老相关的心血管疾病、神经系统疾病、肿瘤、糖尿病等严重威胁着人类的寿命和生活质量。本文就治疗其他疾病的具有预防和延缓衰老作用的天然产物和合成药物进行了综述和简要讨论。     

辩论式教学在基于模型引导的创新药物早期临床研究设计教学中的应用

基于模型引导的创新药物早期临床研究设计是一门医学、数学和统计学交叉的前沿课程,目前国内外该课程的教学还没有成熟模式。为了充分提高教学效果,将辩论赛引入创新药物临床研究教学实践中,通过课堂小辩论、期末大辩论、课下兴趣小组等方式,充分提高学生学习的主动性、创造性和参与度,最终提高教学水平和人才培养质量。     

俯斜工作面高抽巷及抽排口布置

为有效治理和利用瓦斯,在俯斜工作面上部采用高位抽放专用巷道(简称高抽巷)分段接力的抽放方式,并安设大口径、高功率抽放设备,将高浓度瓦斯抽至地面利用其发电。这既解决了工作面瓦斯超限问题,又实现了瓦斯资源的利用。     

溢流阀故障的机理及规律性

分析了溢流阀各种故障的机理及规律，为诊断掉压故障提供了一些新的依据。