我国篮球职业联赛裁判员临场紧张应对方式研究

运用文献资料法、问卷调查法、专家访谈法和数理统计法,对我国篮球职业联赛裁判员应对临场紧张的方式进行梳理与总结,结果显示:低级别裁判员、年轻裁判员和女性裁判员对于临场紧张的应对方式较单一,表现出较强的依赖性;年轻裁判员缺乏临场执裁的经验,关键时刻不够自信.指出,应重点培养年轻裁判员的自我调节能力,加强赛场管理、建立畅通的交流渠道,促进与国外优秀裁判员的交流学习,切实提高我国篮球裁判员的执裁水平.     

浙江地区中华鳖腐皮病的病原与药敏研究

中华鳖腐皮病是危害中华鳖最严重的常见病之一,其发病率较高,四季均可流行,给养鳖业生产造成较大经济损失。本研究从浙江地区患病个体的颈部病灶、足部病灶、肝脏及肠壁中共分离到6支菌株。经人工感染毒力测试。鉴定病原为嗜水气单胞菌Aeromonas hydrophila与温和气单胞菌Aeromonas sobria。药敏试验结果表明,这两种致病菌均对新霉素、卡那霉素、氯霉素、氟嗪酸、庆大霉素、红霉素等抗生素高度敏感。而对15种中草药仅高敏于五倍子。     

Patient-based benefit-risk assessment of medicines: development,refinement, and validation of a content search strategy to retrieve relevant studies

Introduction:Poor indexing and inconsistent use of terms and keywords may prevent efficient retrieval of studies on the patient-based benefit-risk assessment (BRA) of medicines. We aimed to develop and validate an objectively derived content search strategy containing generic search terms that can be adapted for any search for evidence on patient-based BRA of medicines for any therapeutic area.Methods:We used a robust multistep process to develop and validate the content search strategy: (1) we developed a bank of search terms derived from screening studies on patient-based BRA of medicines in various therapeutic areas, (2) we refined the proposed content search strategy through an iterative process of testing sensitivity and precision of search terms, and (3) we validated the final search strategy in PubMed by firstly using multiple sclerosis as a case condition and secondly computing its relative performance versus a published systematic review on patient-based BRA of medicines in rheumatoid arthritis.Results:We conceptualized a final search strategy to retrieve studies on patient-based BRA containing generic search terms grouped into two domains, namely the patient and the BRA of medicines (sensitivity 84%, specificity 99.4%, precision 20.7%). The relative performance of the content search strategy was 85.7% compared with a search from a published systematic review of patient preferences in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. We also developed a more extended filter, with a relative performance of 93.3% when compared with a search from a published systematic review of patient preferences in lung cancer.     

突发公共事件政府新闻发布的信息协同机制构建路径

新冠肺炎疫情发生后,国家和各省市定期发布疫情防控新闻,为抗击疫情赢得了社会公众信任和舆论的支持,但实践中也暴露出发布时空节奏的结构性冲突、发布主体和渠道的结构性矛盾、信息缺席或过载等问题.后疫情时代,构建突发公共事件政府新闻发布协同机制,要克服内部障碍和外部制约,着眼于与社会公众建立相互信任关系和共同价值认知为目标,着...     

Optimising the front foot contact phase of the cricket fast bowling action

ABSTRACT

Cricket fast bowling is a dynamic activity in which a bowler runs up and repeatedly delivers the ball at high speeds. Experimental studies have previously linked ball release speed and several technique parameters with conflicting results. As a result, computer simulation models are increasingly being used to understand the effects of technique on performance. This study evaluates a planar 16-segment whole-body torque-driven simulation model of the front foot contact phase of fast bowling by comparing simulation output with the actual performance of an elite fast bowler. The model was customised to the bowler by determining subject-specific inertia and torque parameters. Good agreement was found between actual and simulated performances with a 4.0% RMS difference. Varying the activation timings of the torque generators resulted in an optimised simulation with a ball release speed 3.5 m/s faster than the evaluation simulation. The optimised technique used more extended front ankle and knee joint angles, increased trunk flexion and a longer delay in the onset of arm circumduction. These simulations suggest the model provides a realistic representation of the front foot contact phase of fast bowling and is suitable to investigate the limitations of kinematic or kinetic variables on fast bowling performance.     

运动减体脂? 药物减体脂?

治疗肥胖减体重的主要方法是控制饮食、运动、应用药物及适当的行为调节和指导。本文从第８届国际肥胖大会的有关文献并结合目前研究进展对运动和部分药物的减体脂作用方面的研究进行综述,包括运动减体重的原理、方式和益处,及具有抑制食欲和促进生热等作用药物的减体重作用     

The relevance of body positioning and its training effect on badminton smash

One of the dominant skills in badminton is the forehand overhead smash, which consists of 1/5 attacks during games. Empirical evidences show that one has to adjust the body position in relation to the coming shuttlecock to produce a powerful and accurate smash. Therefore, positioning is a fundamental aspect influencing smash quality. Unfortunately, a search of literature has shown that there is a dearth/lack of study on this fundamental aspect. The goals of this study were to determine the influence of positioning and training experience on smash quality in order to discover information that could help learn/acquire the skill. Using 3D motion capture and full-body biomechanical modelling, 14 skilled and 15 novice players were analysed. Results have revealed that the body positioning has direct influence on shuttlecock release angle and clearance height of the offensive player. The results also suggest that, for training the positioning of beginners, one could conduct a self-selected comfort position towards a statically hanged shuttlecock and then step one foot back – a practical reference marker for learning. As one gains experience through repetitive training, improved limbs’ coordination would increase smash quality further. We hope our findings will benefit practitioners for developing effective training programmes for beginners.     

疲劳恢复与心理肌肉放松

在体育教学和运动训练中往往会产生疲劳现象,而对于疲劳的恢复训练相对容易忽视没能达到真正理想的效果。通过列出几种疲劳恢复的方法,主要围绕一种方法——心理肌肉放松训练法,对它的生理机理的研究,通过实验检验,在教学和训练中采用这种方法,能有效消除心理疲劳和身体肌肉疲劳。