Measurement Bias Detection Through Factor Analysis

Assessing the correctness of a structural equation model is essential to avoid drawing incorrect conclusions from empirical research. In the past, the chi-square test was recommended for assessing the correctness of the model but this test has been criticized because of its sensitivity to sample size. As a reaction, an abundance of fit indexes have been developed. The result of these developments is that structural equation modeling packages are now producing a large list of fit measures. One would think that this progression has led to a clear understanding of evaluating models with respect to model misspecifications. In this article we question the validity of approaches for model evaluation based on overall goodness-of-fit indexes. The argument against such usage is that they do not provide an adequate indication of the “size” of the model's misspecification. That is, they vary dramatically with the values of incidental parameters that are unrelated with the misspecification in the model. This is illustrated using simple but fundamental models. As an alternative method of model evaluation, we suggest using the expected parameter change in combination with the modification index (MI) and the power of the MI test.     

Principles and Practice of Scaled Difference Chi-Square Testing

We highlight critical conceptual and statistical issues and how to resolve them in conducting Satorra–Bentler (SB) scaled difference chi-square tests. Concerning the original (Satorra & Bentler, 2001 Satorra, A. and Bentler, P. M. 2001. A scaled difference chi-square test statistic for moment structure analysis. Psychometrika, 66: 507–514. [Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) and new (Satorra & Bentler, 2010 Satorra, A. and Bentler, P. M. 2010. Ensuring positiveness of the scaled chi-square test statistic. Psychometrika, 75: 243–248. [Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) scaled difference tests, a fundamental difference exists in how to compute properly a model's scaling correction factor (c), depending on the particular structural equation modeling software used. Because of how LISREL 8 defines the SB scaled chi-square, LISREL users should compute c for each model by dividing the model's normal theory weighted least-squares (NTWLS) chi-square by its SB chi-square, to recover c accurately with both tests. EQS and Mplus users, in contrast, should divide the model's maximum likelihood (ML) chi-square by its SB chi-square to recover c. Because ML estimation does not minimize the NTWLS chi-square, however, it can produce a negative difference in nested NTWLS chi-square values. Thus, we recommend the standard practice of testing the scaled difference in ML chi-square values for models M ₁ and M ₀ (after properly recovering c for each model), to avoid an inadmissible test numerator. We illustrate the difference in computations across software programs for the original and new scaled tests and provide LISREL, EQS, and Mplus syntax in both single- and multiple-group form for specifying the model M ₁₀ that is involved in the new test.     

开发区建设与城市经济空间结构演变研究

开发区作为一个特殊的城市空间和带动经济发展的重要极核,对城市经济发展和经济空间结构的影响日益显著。结合开发区对城市的经济贡献,根据开发区成长的时间顺序,提出了开发区建设与城市发展之间的三种经济关系：依赖、互动、反哺。并在此基础上。从城市经济活动的分散化、集中化、多中心网络化等方面,较为系统地探讨了在开发区的影响下城市经济空间结构的演变。     

企业产品平台独立性差异及影响机理——一个对比案例研究

摘要：产品平台对于复杂工业企业取得竞争优势的重要性已经成为学者们的共识,但现有研究对于产品平台独立性差异及导致差异的机理并未做深入探讨。本文采用双案例比较研究方法,选择两家在产品平台独立性上存在较大差异的企业--大连机车与一汽轿车--进行对比分析,探讨影响企业产品技术平台独立性的主要因素及机理关系。研究发现：（1）产品－市场结构、技术战略、资源协奏模式是影响产品平台独立性差异的主要因素;（2）在产品-市场结构、技术战略的影响下,平台独立性差异企业会表现出不同的资源协奏模式--多元协奏与单一拼接。（3）产品-市场结构、技术战略与资源协奏模式之间存在密切的互动关系：产品-市场结构影响下的技术战略,及技术战略影响下的资源协奏模式最终影响平台独立性。本研究明确了不同企业在产品平台独立性方面产生差异的原因并提出了相关机理,补充了关于产品平台独立性的相关研究。     

Making Plans for Michael: providing for a student with moderate learning difficulties in a secondary academy

The profile of a student with learning difficulties is described and also the learning context in 2017. Previous models of provision are then described in terms of their aetiology with discussion of strengths and shortcomings. Some influential features of curriculum planning and delivery are identified. A model of provision involving specific literacy teaching and differentiation is advocated.     

论灌阳县丧葬仪式“大歌”的庞杂性特征

灌阳县丧葬仪式之中的“大歌”,纳数百桩事于一体,内容博而杂；集百千言为一歌,结构长而大,此二者相辅相成,造就了包罗灌阳历史和现实,收尽生活种种现象的长大篇章,同时也造就其庞杂性特征。这一特性,当地居民用一字概而括之,谓之曰“大”。     

止水正流-对赫拉克利特哲学美学的分析

分析了古希腊哲学家赫拉克利特的流变说，指出其说存在着流变与不变相纠结的内在悖论，并断定赫氏学说的核心概念之一逻各斯是此潜在悖论顺理成章的产物，进而说明赫氏哲学美学的神秘恍惚色彩就渊源于此。在此基础上，作者于结语中指出二元对立思维模式的局限及对其超越之可能。     

专利技术主题分析:基于SAO结构的LDA主题模型方法

[目的/意义]改善现有专利技术主题分析方法主题辨识度低、主题词二义性、无法识别技术信息中的"问题"与相应"解决方案"等问题。[方法/过程]本文通过抽取专利文本中的SAO结构,并从SAO结构中识别"问题和解决方案"（P&S）模式,基于"bag of P&S"假设,构建基于"主语-行为-宾语"（subject-action-object,SAO）结构的LDA主题模型,实现对专利文献主题结构的识别和分析。[结果/结论]案例研究表明,该方法能够有效识别主题分布,并在主题辨识度和语义消岐方面较传统LDA模型具有较大优势。     

Baecklund Transformation and Localized Coherent Structure for the （2＋1）—Dimensional Asymmetric Nizhnik—Novikov—Veselov Equation

This article is concerned with the extended homogeneous balance method for studying the abundant lacalized solution structure of the (2 1)-dimensional asymmetric Nizhnik-novikov-Veselov equation.A Baecklund transformation was first obtained.and then the richness of the localized coherent structures was found,which was caused by the entrance of two variable-separated arbitrary functions,in the model.For some spectial choices of the arbitrary functions,it is shown that the localized structures of the model may be dromions,lumps,and rinmg solitons.