浅谈民国早期播音风格——以电台播音节目为例

播音节目和播音风格是各个电台发展运营的特色展示,民国早期各地广播电台的设立和发展各具特色,不同类型的广播电台在节目设置方面不尽相同,民国早期的播音在其特定的历史背景下形成了独特的播音风格,为后来的广播电台的发展积累了丰富的历史经验。     

武汉城市圈两型社会建设的现状与对策

武汉城市圈＂两型社会＂建设启动三年多来,通过集中推进5项重点工作和实施20多项专项改革,取得了明显成效,但由于起步时间不长,圈内各市之间起点不一,无论是与全省平均水平相比,还是与国内其它综合配套改革试验区或城市群相比,还存在一定差距。因此,武汉城市圈要正视差距,重点针对薄弱环节,进一步采取有效措施,抢抓机遇,加快发展。     

Studying children's knowledge base of one-sided levers as force amplifiers

Attention to core concepts in science and engineering in early education has grown recently, and understanding levers as force amplifiers can be recognized as one of these. Previous studies focused on two-sided levers and do not provide sufficient information about children's knowledge of levers as force amplifiers, nor about their learning and its support from an education perspective. It is important to consider load distance and force distance separately, as may be done in one-sided levers, to understand children's knowledge of levers as “simple machines” thoroughly. Moreover, children's zone of proximal development and the possibilities to foster their knowledge should be explored to understand important features of teaching. We thus directed two studies with 6- to 7-year-old children. In study 1, we conducted a paper-and-pencil test in the context of wheelbarrows (N = 370; age M = 6.62). We investigated whether it is possible to empirically separate the features load, load distance, and force distance as well as to determine their level of difficulty. Our study showed that children's concepts of the three aspects load, load distance, and force distance are fragmented, with children finding it continuously more difficult to judge load, load distance, and force distance correctly. In study 2, we developed a 20-min intervention with a controlled 2 × 2 pre-post follow-up design for exploring the zone of proximal development of 304 6- to 7-year-old children in the domain of one-sided levers as force amplifiers, focusing on force distance and load distance. We implemented a structured learning environment that encouraged the children to manipulate wheelbarrows and supported them with pictures and/or verbal prompts. 6- to 7-year-old children had a higher learning gain when they were exposed to scaffolds that combined pictures and verbal prompts in the posttest as well as in the follow-up test four weeks later compared to the control group.     

五年一贯制高职前期教育策略

通过五年一贯制高职教育和三年制高职教育的比较,提出五年一贯制教育的前两年为前期教育阶段,探讨了在这一阶段可以实施的教学和管理策略,以期促进五年一贯制高职教育的发展。     

Interweaving a mindfully somatic pedagogy into an early childhood classroom

There has been considerable distress in early childhood classrooms due to a cultural bias of Cartesian dualism, which has led to the bullying and disappearance of Body in education. Efforts of bringing about shifts in pedagogical practices toward holistic, bodily views of the self must be supported and developed. However, with classrooms that are filled with less movement and play, the marginalization of Body is of major concern. Interdisciplinary educational settings may be rich in exposing potentials and challenges of a nondual pedagogy implemented in unconsciously dualistic classroom cultures. The purpose of this article is to describe the barriers to implementation of a Mindfully Somatic Pedagogy, as well as affordances to young children throughout a preschool yoga class over an academic year. This research provides a basis for understanding how a Mindfully Somatic Pedagogy can curate holistic, first-person experiences of young children’s bodily selves within a classroom. Likewise, differing expectations of Body from adults in classrooms can lead to mixed messages for children. Understanding how bodily experiences afford young children’s development and teachers responses to Body in the classroom is informative in understanding the roles a school culture can have on the relationship between child development and teacher pedagogy.     

Situated decoding of gender in a Swedish preschool practice

This article is based on data generated in an ethnographic study of gender in a Swedish preschool. Drawing on Judith Butler’s understanding of performativity and (un)doing of gender, a new theoretical concept, situated decoding of gender, is further developed by showing how the material and spatial dimension of the educational practice and the teachers’ actions contribute to establishing and maintaining this process in an early childhood educational setting. Instead of normalising the gender binary, a reverse process occurs that turns what is perceived as feminine or masculine into a gender decoded state in which gender is made less relevant, or even irrelevant. It is argued that this continuous reiterative process emerges and is maintained by three main factors: (a) the preschool’s physical environment, (b) the regular and repetitive structure of the educational practice and (c) the consistent actions of the teachers in the everyday practice.     

“发展－安全关联”理论下的美国石油多元化——以中东和非洲为例

发展－安全关联理论要求－国要实现发展必须要有安全的环境,包括国内安全及周边地区安全乃至国际局势的安全;另一方面安全也需要发展来保证。冷战结束后发展的安全化与安全的发展化已经成为一种新的趋势。美国在这一点上侧重于发展政策服从于安全政策。这一政策在中东陷入困境,非洲地区的实践是美国这－政策目标下的石油多元化的又一尝试。     

Transforming Education through School-community Partnerships: Lessons from Four Rural Early Childhood Development Schools in Zimbabwe

This article presents and discusses the findings of a multi-case study that was conducted in four remote rural early childhood development (ECD) schools located in the Chiredzi district, in Masvingo province, Zimbabwe. The article explored how school heads enhanced resources mobilisation in remote rural ECD schools through school-community partnerships in order to improve teaching and learning conditions. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with the school heads, deputy heads and teachers in charge. Document reviews and observations were also used to augment data from interviews. Invitational leadership was used as an analytic tool for the study. The findings suggest that the school heads succeeded to some degree in bringing parents and various stakeholders to the ECD schools to deal with the challenges facing them. Various strategies were used including tapping into local knowledge to ensure that parents who could afford to pay fees managed to do so.     

掀起中学历史课堂教学小高潮的有效策略

历史教师在教学过程中,要不断地设置一些教学小高潮来激起学生思想、情感上的共鸣,集中学生注意力,从而提高教学效率。掀起小高潮的途径和方法,一是从教学内容,包括导入新课、结束新课、重点与难点以及插入乡土史等方面去设计;二是从教学手段,包括课堂语言手段和直观性的现代化教学手段等方面去设置。     

早教师资培养课程设置研究

0-3岁婴幼儿早期教养事业在我国处于蓬勃发展的阶段,而早教师资培养还在起步阶段。研究建构一套适合早教师资职前培养的课程体系,对早教合格人才培养工作具有重要意义。课程的设置应遵循：必修课和选修课相辅相成、专业基础课和专业技能课并重、理论课与实践课融合的三原则。课程设置应包括：公共基础课程、专业课程、选修课程、实践课程。课程理念和课程设置目标的具体实现关键在于课程的有效实施：一是组建专业建设指导委员会,做好导向;二是成立选修委员会,增加选修课;三是推行＂双证＂乃至＂多证＂教育,提高师资素质。