趋向主动接受的文化姿态─—略论清末民初的翻译文学

清末民初的翻译文学,显示了中国人渐由被动接受转向主动接受的文化姿态,有力地促进了近代文学的发展。清末民初翻译文学的主要特点：其一,重视意译;其二,多译小说;其三,转译与改译突出;其四,精粗杂陈,译态各异;其五,翻译与评介同步。翻译文学对当时文学创作及有关的文学活动产生了多方面的影响。     

中美中小学体育与健康课程标准的比较研究及启示*

通过文献资料法和逻辑分析法,比较中美中小学体育与健康课程标准在学习领域、学习水平划分、结构编排以及具体内容标准方面的异同。美国体育课程标准对我国的启示主要包括中小学体育与健康课程应重视学生基本技能的掌握、关注评价的可操作性和强调将学生作为完整人的培养等几个方面。     

‘They are too young to understand health’ a researchers reflexive account of researching with under fives

Qualitative research is an inherently complex landscape which continually presents researchers with difficult, ethically challenging dilemmas. This paper foregrounds some of those challenges, experienced during a qualitative research study which focused on preschool children’s opportunities to access different forms of play in early year education settings and the impact of this on their learner identities and understandings of health. Specifically, the paper focuses on the challenges faced by the researcher when addressing issues of access, including dealing with gatekeepers and the influence they potentially have upon the meaning and authenticity of the data collected. The analyses explore how well the three methods (interviews, structured activities and observations) employed to ensure that the voices of young children, rather than those of gatekeepers and other adults, were captured by the research process, reflected their views, and recognised them as active, embodied, social agents.     

从商事公断处看民初苏州的社会变迁

本文以民初苏州商会附设商事公断处为个案,从经济史、社会史、法制史的角度研究了民初苏州的社会变迁,其中包括三个方面的内容即民初苏州社会经济之变迁、商人团体组织之关系及新兴阶层——律师在商事纠纷中的角色。笔者认为在研究社会变迁中应当摆脱“传统与近代(现代)”模式的线形思维误区,充分注重社会变迁的历史性与复杂性。     

古希腊到欧洲中世纪体育教育思想的历史演进与启示

运用知识考古学、历史分析法、文献解释学等理论与方法,立足人们对身体的认识,探寻古希腊到欧洲中世纪体育教育思想的发展历程:古希腊早期体育教育思想之自然秩序的信仰;古风时期到希腊化时期体育教育思想之生命整全的追寻;古罗马体育教育思想之世俗价值的实现;欧洲中世纪体育教育思想之宗教神学的桎梏。它们存在共有的特征:从体育教育思想产生来看,体现为人之身体进入世界的方式;从体育教育思想倾向来看,则是以德性为体育教育的价值取向;从体育教育思想呈现方式来看,体现为体育教育认识的未分化性;从体育教育思想内容来看,体现为体育教育理论性与实践性的统一。古希腊到欧洲中世纪体育教育思想的演进,为中国特色体育教育思想体系构建提供了历史借鉴与启示:激活和回归人性是构建中国特色体育教育思想体系的原点;创新和回应体育教育实践需求是构建中国特色体育教育思想体系的生长点;不同思想的融合与借鉴是中国特色体育教育思想发展的重要驱动力。     

“互联网+”教学环境下初中生信息素养影响因素跟踪研究——基于学生个体和家庭层面的视角

随着"互联网+教育"深入推进,信息素养的重要性日益凸显,探究学生信息素养发展的影响因素对深化"互联网+"教学改革具有重要意义。已有研究表明,学生信息素养受个体、教师、家庭和学校层面因素影响,但这些研究多是基于横截面数据的横向研究,缺少以时序数据为基础的纵向研究。通过梳理相关文献,分析"互联网+"教学环境内涵及特征,从个体和家庭两个层面构建"互联网+"教学环境下初中生信息素养影响因素模型,并以513名初中生为研究对象开展为期近两年的跟踪研究。多层线性建模结果表明,"互联网+"教学环境下学生问题解决能力、家庭互联网接入情况和父亲学历对初中生信息素养水平有正向影响,性别、民族对初中生信息素养发展速率有显著影响,家庭收入对初中生信息素养发展速率有负向影响。学校可以通过提供个性化教育支持服务、重视学生问题解决能力培养和发挥家长及家庭环境积极作用等方式,促进学生信息素养提升。     

海南省中学排球运动队现状调查与分析

通过文献资料法、访谈法和问卷调查法等,对海南省10所中学排球运动队进行调查与分析。结果显示：海南省中学排球运动队运动员参加训练的主要动机是为了升学,“学训矛盾”严重影响了运动员训练的积极性;运动员的训练时间基本符合中学生训练要求．参加高水平比赛的次数较少．竞技水平得不到进一步提高;教练员带队年限较短,科研能力较低;学校训练经费不足．场地器材落后;运动队宣传、医务监督严重缺失;针对其中的若干总是提出相应的建议。     

Judicial Authority and Qāḍīs' Autonomy under the ʿAbbāsids

As Joseph Schacht argued in the 1950s, the office of qā?ī began in the Umayyad period as that of a “legal secretary” to provincial governors. Documentary evidence from Egypt confirms that governors were indeed regarded as the highest judicial authority in early Islam, and that their legal powers far surpassed that of any other judge. In large cities, governors appointed and dismissed qā?īs at will; decisions taken by qā?īs could be swiftly overruled by political authorities.

Although the ?Abbāsids reformed and centralised the judiciary in the second half of second/eighth century, qā?īs were still subordinate to reigning rulers and unable to impose judgements that displeased the caliph or his main representatives. The increasing political and social influence of scholars and the development of classical schools of law eventually changed this situation. Relying on a body of both narrative and legal literature, this article addresses the qā?īs' attempts to resist political rulers' interference with the judiciary by asserting themselves as true representatives of the sharī?a. It argues that ?anafī legal literature, dating from the third/ninth and fourth/tenth centuries, gradually elaborated a theory on the relationship between the qā?ī and the ruler. This theory was instrumental in doing away with political infringement on the judicial prerogative and was soon incorporated into adab literature, whose stories of rulers entirely subjugated to the rule of law became a new political model.     

英语中动构式认知分析

英语中动构式（EMC）作为一个独立的构式,是一个句法、语叉、功能的统一体。其构式叉为：主语具有通过谓语所表述的行为方式呈现出的某种属性或状态。EMC具有典型和非典型句法表现形式。典型EMC句法形式可描写为[S（V＋ADV）],其中S为受事。V是主动语态形式的谓语动词。和其后的方式副词ADV语义关系紧密,构成结构整体。共同行使对主语述谓的功能。非典型EMC句法形式可描写为[S（V＋NP）],其中S为工具或处所。V是主动形式的谓语动词,NP通常为施事角色。EMC的典型语义特征有：主语非施事性、非事件性、情态性。     

对美国、日本和中国预警机制现状的评述

突发公共事件是当今世界各国面临的共同威胁,但是,人类在防灾救灾方面仍然存在着一些缺陷。面对突发公共事件危机各国各政府都有自己的预警机制。尤其是一些发达国家建立了较为完善的预警机制,比如美国、日本等国的预警机制对于一些发展中国家建立预警机制有着重要的借鉴意义。中国在应对突发公共事件方面虽然存在着一些缺陷,但是,在建立应对突发公共事件预警机制方面,也进行了积极的探索和实践。